What is Norms
Ideal rules are those standards of society and group acceptable behavior, whose sustenance is expected from society and group individuals. It is a type of control. People follow this as a means of husbanding social needs. Its caste is simple. Without thinking too much – a person has been behaving according to it. We adopt the methods approved by the culture to meet our various needs. They are social norms in the broadest sense. Social norms control divergent behavior in society and help in running the social system smoothly. If all the norms of social norms are destroyed then there will be chaos. Equally, he keeps creating standards from time to time in order to keep his system strong and to find solutions to new situations and problems, so Maril has said that ‘human standards’ is the creature to be created. (Man is a norm making animal) The term social paradigm has come from philosophy in sociology. Generally, the rules of society are called social norms according to which the members of the society behave and behave.
Characteristics of Norms
Its nature can be understood more clearly based on the characteristics of ideal rules. These are
1 .. Part of the Culture: Norms are part of culture. Robert Bierstedt has divided the elements of culture into two parts – Non material Elements and Material Element. They have divided non-material elements into two parts – ideal rules and ideas. The normative rules are the normative rules governing the behavior of a person. These are – rules, laws, rituals, public practices, ethos, practices, traditions, prohibition, etc.
- Varieties: Norms have the properties of diversity. These present different options under the special cultural law. The ideal rules of every society are not the same. They have variety. In a society, the ideal rules are not the same. There are many ideal rules of conduct. Therefore, there are different types of ideal rules.
- Social Rules: Norms are social rules. It includes various rules and bye laws, big and small. Its subsistence is expected from all members of the society. It is related to ‘duty-feeling’. The power of the whole group and society is behind this. Everyone is expected to follow ideal rules. Human thinking and behavior are guided and influenced by ideal rules.
- For the Existence of Man: Norms are integral to human existence. It is a means to fulfill human needs. The development and observance of every ideal rule is related to one or the other requirement. As a result, it has become internal to a large extent. R. In the words of R Bierstedt, “Where there is no ideal rule, there is no society either.” It is related to social utility.
- Way of Life: Norms is the way of life of human. Its construction and development is based on factual circumstances. According to this, a person does not have to make special efforts to conduct. Model rules are simple in nature. Without thinking too much – a person keeps on behaving according to them. Since childhood in the process of socialization
Only they become familiar with the ideal rules of our society and it becomes natural to conduct accordingly. As a result, it becomes a method of living.
- Technique of Control: Norms is a major method of control, mentioned by K. Davis (K. Davis) has done. In his words, “Social norm rules are a type of control. Human society keeps the control of its members on the strength of these controls in such a way that they continue to serve as a means of meeting social needs, even if their This hinders the psychological needs. “
7 .. Rules which were expected to be followed by all the members of that society. There are many small and big rules and bye-laws in social paradigms. Preservation of social existence is essentially found in all societies,
. Rearing is not due to external pressure but becomes a part of natural behavior.
8 Norms are relative, ie do not apply equally to all persons or in all circumstances. Are related to the sense of moral duty,. Affect the person and also affect them. Social utility and needs, both written and written
- Social Control Social paradigms are the means of social control that control and organize human behavior.
Kingsley Davis states that two types of systems are found in every society –
- Normative order,
2 . Factual order
The Norms system tells us how to behave, ie the ideal system: ‘What is supposed to be explained. In other words, the expectations that society has from its members. Are the form of ideal system. For example, people taking tickets at a railway station are expected to give tickets by standing in a line to maintain order. Apart from this, another type of reality is found in the society, which makes sense of the system as it is. Where . The ideal system gives a sense of how the behavior should be done, while the system as it tells what kind of behavior actually happens. There can be two types of behavior. (A) compatible with social norms, (b) unfavorable to social norms. In the real case, a person can behave in accordance with the norms and also in accordance with the norms.
Social Values
The study of values is a matter of special importance in sociology. A special branch of sociology is the ‘sociology of values’, which studies the relationship of values and society. Value is the basis of society. The difference between human society and animal society is basically based on values. Values provide stability to society. Changes in these bring changes in the society. In Sociology, value is a kind of criterion, but ordinary standards are not called values. Johnson is said to have high standards of quality. Those standards which achieve an ideal status in society are called values. With social value, we know which behavior is more expected of society. Value is always associated with what is most important for society. In other words, it can be said that the criteria which is most desirable for the society is called value. Generosity, honesty, patriotism, truthfulness, humanity benevolence, charity, etc. are the values which are good to hear, good to talk but are difficult to implement in your life. In this way, social values are the standards or assumptions based on which we justify the qualities, goals, means and feelings etc. of a person’s behavior, justified or unfair, good or bad. Value is a type of social measurement or scale on which an object is valued.
As long as the social norms are treated, the system remains in the society, but when social norms are violated, then in the words of cruelty, an anomalous situation prevails in the society. This is to say that there are social norms in that society, but their constant violation leads to a state of disrespect which leads to the creation of Sick Society. Thus social norms are the backbone of any form of society. Without social norms, the social structure cannot stand.
Kingsley Davis – “The social paradigm is a type of control. Human society, under these same controls, controls the behavior of its members in such a way that they continue to serve as a means of meeting social needs, even if the animals are hindered by their zoological needs. “•
Buds – Social paradigms are those that control human behavior, support the system and make prediction of behavior in a particular situation. ‘
. Kimbal Young – “Social norms are group expectations.” “
Birsted – “Social norms is a form of standardized practice. It is the way of performing work which is accepted in our society. “.
Haralambos – “A large number of instructions are found in every culture that direct behavior in specific circumstances. Such instructions are called norms.
Robert Birsted views social norms as a measure of social behavior. Institutional and cultural modes of behavior are called social norms or norms. This is similar to the backbone of society, in the absence of which no society can stand systematically. In simple words, the rules of conduct in society are called social norms.
Feature – From a sociological point of view, values can be defined as the criterion by which groups or societies decide the importance of individuals, paradigm objectives and other socio-cultural objects. “Thus value is the social measure or scale on which an object is evaluated. Due to society and culture differences, social values are also differentiated. For example, the value of sexual purity is found in India, so here Except for husband and wife, sex is not allowed before marriage and after marriage. On the other hand, in many primitive societies, there is an exemption for sex before and after marriage.
Radhakamal Makarji (R. K. Mukerjee) work on values is very important
He has written a separate book on this, The Social Structure of Values, which is unique in itself. Values are those social standards or ideals or goals that explain the relationships and behaviors of human life. For example, the value related to Hindu marriage is to get married in your caste and to consider marriage as a religious rite. Consequently, the social impact of this value is that the feeling of separation between Hindus does not flourish. Some of the main definitions are as follows.
According to Radhakamal Mookerjee (R. K. Mukerjee), “Values are the desires and goals recognized by society through the process of internalization learning or socialization and which become symbolic preferences, norms and aspirations. “This definition of Mookerji makes it clear – (A) Value is an expression of universal human desire. (B) It is only with the help of values that an individual tries to actualize his goals and desires. (C) values socialize the person Through the internalization of the different patterns of social life, relationships and institutions, we get to see,
In the words of Johnson (H. M. Johnson), “Value can be defined as an assumption or criterion that can be cultural or personal. They compare items. Accepted or Rejected – Compared to each other is considered fair or unfair, good or bad, right or wrong. “In this definition,
These values are learned and internalized by the process of socialization and thought to behave in accordance with the society. The values and desires recognized by the society are through the process of learning or socialization, and which are natural preferences, normatively Desires are formed. “
– Social values are social standards.
There is a consensus among the group about social values.
– Behind the social values, there are fervent emotions.
– Social values are dynamic
Characteristics of Values
The existence of society is based on values. Value is found in human zoological tendencies, basic tendencies, desires and interests. Its nature can be understood more clearly through the following characteristics
1 Dynamicity and Changeability: The properties of mobility and variability are found in values. Under the influence of social change, the forms of values change as necessary. Sometimes new values develop, sometimes the prevailing values are modified and sometimes the values of other culture are adopted. For example, the value of equality between woman and man is today more important than typical.
- Cultural Element: The relation of values to culture-specific can be seen. This is the reason why there are differences in the values of two different cultures. As such, the difference between the two societies is seen in the values related to the mode of salutation. Despite this, many values are also found in society that apply to and influence all mankind. Such as – Values associated with honesty, work culture, truth and non-violence etc.
- Universality: Values of universality are found in value. It is worldwide. It is taken help in achieving an objective. The actions performed by a person are determined by the price itself. Values may vary in different societies, such as the separation between Hindus in India is not considered correct, whereas in American society it is considered correct. Despite this, the essential part of the structure of every society is value. Values are social norms, which are helpful in defining the interrelations of social life.
- Symbols: Values are expressed through symbols. All types of foundations are symbolic. Acquisition of values is possible only through symbols. Clarifying the symbols, Mukerjee wrote, “Values are the vehicle of communication and control of human relationships. “The manifestation of the existence of society is only through values. As such, respect is the value of the mother and father. The symbol of this value is touching the service and stage of the parents.”
- Variability – Variation in social values is found. Social values are considered important for social welfare and social needs.