What is Social Processes
Whenever a person comes in contact with another person there is a conscience of thoughts and feelings between them. In this both affect and influence each other. This is called social interaction. Social difference: There are three conditions – first. Person – between person, second, person – between group and third, between group group. In all three situations, there are frequent Tata interactions between them. Social processes are different forms of social interaction.
When a person or group establishes contact with another person or group, there is a difference between them, they influence each other with thoughts, feelings and actions, resulting in a change in their behaviors. This change manifests as camaraderie, conflict, competition, competition, adaptation and adjustment, etc. Hence social processes. There is no new notion but different forms of social interaction. The person contacts various individuals or groups to fulfill their needs.] This leads to eight differences between them. This difference: Action can be in any form – cooperation, conflict etc. Difference: Different forms of action are known as social processes. That is, social process cannot be understood as separate from social interaction. Various sociologists have clarified the social process
McIver and Page wrote explaining the process. “A process which means continuous change, which occurs in a certain way by the activation of the powers already existing in a given state. This definition makes it clear that a process is a change in which continuity and certainty exist.”
In the words of Gillin and Gillin “Social process refers to the ways of interaction we observe when there is contact between individuals and groups and consequently a system of social relationships is established.” , Or when a change results in chaos in the current lifestyle.
“According to Lundberg and others,” the process has the same meaning. Specific and predictive results. Is an index of related events leading to. “
Green (Green) wrote about the process, “These social processes are specific forms of social interaction.”
- H. Fitcher (FICHTER) stated that the social process is such between two conditions (conditions) and roles (roles). Difference: is the action under which the behavior of two or more persons is affected. It is not just the difference between two roles or two situations. The end verb is just a starting position that sets the background for a larger process. The only difference between devotion or challenge between two players is the action, but accepting the challenge and landing in the playground is a social process. Fixtor wrote “The social process is more than the link between the two positions of roles”.
It is clear from the above definitions that social process is a continuous and definite change in social beliefs. One thing in this context is that social process does not have to be permanently permanent. Due to the change in circumstances, their appearance also changes. For example cooperation turns into conflict and conflict into cooperation. Human social life is influenced by social processes in one way or the other. There are two effective aspects of the social process of (i) social interaction and (ii) communication. Social interaction can be anything positive or negative. In the absence of communication, the contact remains incomplete. The mere interaction does not lead to a complete social process.
Types Of Social Processes
Social processes play a very ambitious role in the life of the individual and the group. Sociologists have divided social processes into two classes.
1.Organizational collaborative and social process (integrated or associative social process)
- Aggressive and Non-Cooperative Social Process (disruptive or anti-social process)
Integrative Social Processes
Co-operation
Co-operation is an organizational social process. Cooperation is seen in all areas of social life. Man cannot fulfill his needs alone. For this he has to cooperate with other people. It is required. When a person is born, he comes to the earth in a helpless form. He has to depend on other people for his maintenance. Person’s personality only with the support of family. Proper development takes place. Social life cannot be imagined in the absence of cooperation. Today’s world Can not survive without cooperation. To see the contribution of the process of cooperation at national and international level. Get . New forms of cooperation have emerged. Sociologists have defined this in their own words to clarify cooperation.
According to Fichter, “Cooperation is that form of social process in which two or more individuals or groups work together to achieve a common purpose.” More than two people or groups were told to work together.
In the words of Fair Child, “Cooperation is a process by which individuals or groups become more or less organized and make concerted efforts to achieve their common objectives. It emphasizes organized effort.” Individuals or groups work in an organized manner.
According to Merril and Eldredge, “Cooperation can be defined as a social interaction in which two or more individuals work together to achieve a common goal.” “
Green, giving the definition of cooperation, wrote, “Cooperation is a continuous and common effort by two or more people to reach the same desired goal and accomplish a task.” The definition of cooperation has been given in the form. In its definition, three main things are given (i) working together (ii) a common goal and (iii) continuous effort to achieve the goals.
According to Prof. Davis, “a support group is one that works together to achieve a goal that everyone desires.” – Davis also defined common goals and working together in his definition. Emphasized.
It is clear from these definitions that cooperation is a social process in which two or more individuals or groups work together to achieve a common goal. In order for a process to be called cooperation it is necessary to have the following things: (i) Under cooperation, social interaction between individuals is necessary. (ii) Cooperation empowers the group. With this, big goals can be easily achieved. (iii) It is necessary to have common objectives and goals for cooperation. People with common purpose work together to achieve the goal. (iv) It is a universal process. Cooperation is found in every society of the world. Cooperation is found in a society where conflict and tension is always there. (v) Cooperation is a social process based on equal desire. Cooperation is not possible unless there is no internal desire under the person. (vi) Cooperation is a relatively long-lasting process. Momentary cooperation cannot be called a social process. For this, it is necessary to have some stability. . (vii) For cooperation, it is necessary to have two sides ie cooperation is possible at the small level (between two persons) and the large level (between different nations).
Characteristics Of Co-Operation
Some key features of cooperation based on different definitions are as follows.
Two or more persons are required to have two or more persons or groups for cooperation. In society, between person-to-person, between-person group or between group-group, there is mutual interaction and exchange of feelings and thoughts. Exchanges cannot take place in the absence of another person or persons. A person cannot do anything alone. Therefore there is cooperation between individuals and groups only.
Common goal – The basis of cooperation is the common goal. Due to common goals, individuals support each other. The goal remains to bind the person in all circumstances. An individual or group is organized for a common goal and strives to achieve it. If there is no clear goal in front then they will not be able to make concerted efforts. A person is not motivated to work without a goal. Therefore, it is necessary to have a common goal in front of the individual or group for cooperation.
Wide interest – Cooperation not only protects the interest of the individual, but also protects the interest of the group or society. Through the process of cooperation, the person fulfills his interests and at the same time, with his inspiration, makes society organized and organized. Its effect is seen at national and international level also. This shows that there is a very broad interest inherent in the process of cooperation.
Diversity – Diversity is found in collaboration. There are different forms of cooperation in different occasions and situations. Cooperation is not completely the same in the levels of ideas and actions. The scope of cooperation is both large and small. It can be both direct and indirect. The nature of cooperation can be immediate, but on the other hand it can also be long term. Thus, there are many forms of cooperation.
We Feeling – We have a feeling of cooperation. As a result of working inspired by common goals and goals, a feeling of hum arises among individuals or groups. By awakening our spirit, the process of cooperation becomes more organized and effective.
Organized efforts – Organized efforts for cooperation. By trying in an organized way, big tasks or goals are easily accomplished. Individuals or groups have to make concerted efforts to achieve their goals. The more the organization collaborates, the more stable and organized the society is. The process of cooperation is not complete until many people try to get together and try.
Continuity – Collaboration is an ongoing process. There is no limited and definite area for cooperation. Cooperation is required in every sphere of life and at every opportunity. Regardless of the form of society, Jaima cannot run without cooperation. Whether the society is simple or complex, traditional or modern, cooperation is found in some form or the other. Various organizations and institutions of society. Maintains the continuity of cooperation.
Mutual help – In cooperation there is a feeling of mutual help and co-operation. A person alone cannot fulfill his needs. This requires cooperation and mutual support is very important for Sahyogor coeration. Unless an individual or group provides legal aid to another person or group, the cooperative. The process is not possible.
Inspired by will – Cooperation depends on the will of the individual. Every person has his own requirements which he fulfills according to his will. Cooperates with each other to fulfill these needs. Here, he cooperates with others according to the needs or goals he wants to achieve. Hence cooperation is a voluntary feeling. The person does not cooperate when there is no desire.
Types Of Co-Operation
Many types of cooperation are found between individuals and groups. Different sociologists have discussed different types and forms of cooperation. The types and forms made by some prominent sociologists are being mentioned here.
Maciver and Page discuss two types of collaboration
Direct cooperation- When different individuals or groups work together face-to-face with the Rambandha, we call it direct relationship. Not for example. Playing sports, participating in cultural programs, farming together etc. Everyone while playing the game. Cooperates directly with each other. Similarly, when many people present a drama or dance together in a cultural event, there is also a direct connection between them here. Meaning to say. It is that when motivated by the same objectives and goals, the individual and the group help each other through face-to-face relationships, they will cooperate directly. Here the person works in a face-to-face situation.
Indirect Co-operation- When an individual or a group works separately for the same purpose separately, it is called indirect cooperation. This is to say that in indirect cooperation, people have the same interim goal but they perform different tasks differently. Take a shoe factory for example. In this factory, different people are engaged in different tasks, then the shoe is ready. Here division of labor is found among the people. Everyone achieves their tasks with skill. Thus wherever the division of labor is found, be it office or factory, Sado have the same purpose or goal but, they are engaged in different types of work. Here all people cooperate each other indirectly. The division of labor and specialization has become more prevalent in modern society, as a result, the importance of indirect cooperation is increasing day by day. The direct relationship between individuals decreases as the secondary relationship predominates. In such a situation there is indirect cooperation between them. That is, people cooperate each other indirectly.
Green (Green) mentions three types of cooperation based on related conditions.
Primary cooperation (primary co-operation) In primary cooperation, the person considers the selfishness of the group as his own selfishness. Under this, instead of thinking of personal interest, the group talked about tomorrow. goes. Primary cooperation is found in primary groups. Individuals in this type of cooperation.Sacrifices his greatest – greatest happiness – facilities for the group. This type of cooperation is found among the members in the family.
Secondary cooperation In secondary cooperation, an individual or group collaborates with other individuals and groups for the fulfillment of their selfishness and interest. In this type of cooperation, the person works inspired by his selfishness. In this, the welfare of the individual is not the priority of group welfare. No person can fulfill his rights by remaining separate. Therefore, he cooperates with other people to fulfill his selfishness. Secondary cooperation is found exclusively in the secondary group. This cooperation is also called balanced cooperation (formal co-operation). There are many examples of this type of cooperation in modern society, such as cooperation between different organizations and parties. In such organizations or institutions, the person cooperates with others only to fulfill his interests. .
Tertiary cooperation – When different individuals or groups adjust to the situation keeping in mind their privileges, it is called tertiary cooperation. Here the person cooperates with the other to approve the situation. It is particularly opportunistic. When there is nothing to gain from the conflict between two different individuals or groups, they commit themselves to each other. That is to say, this type of cooperation is done to avoid conflict. In the days to come, there are strikes in various resources and units. Individuals have to make commitments with the authorities to avoid this strike and conflict. This approval here said IIIk cooperation.
Ogburn and Nimkoff)also discuss three types of cooperation.
General cooperation (common co-operation) In normal cooperation, some people do similar work together. Similarity is found in the thoughts and behaviors of such cooperating persons, that is, when some people of similar attitude and interest do the same thing together, such effort is called normal cooperation. On special occasions such as when something has happened accidentally or on the occasion of a cultural ceremony, the person cooperates with each other, then such cooperation is called general cooperation.
Friendly cooperation (friendly co-operation) – In friendly cooperation, the person cooperates with each other for the attainment of joy and happiness. The purpose of this type of cooperation is to get joy on any special occasion, participating in group dance, singing, drama and gossiping is an example of friendly cooperation. The main objective of participating in such a program is the attainment of joy and happiness, that is, the approach of this cooperation is to entertain.
Differentiated Cooperation (Differentiated Co-operation) In differentiated cooperation, a person performs unequal tasks for the same purpose.) This is to say that different individuals serve the same goal. Perform different types of tasks. For example, all the workers engaged in the construction of the building work separately. They cooperate with each other. Here masons, laborers etc. have the same purpose but work is different. .
Cause Of Co-Operation
Fichtor has highlighted several reasons for the collaboration. He told that when some people have equal interests, they selfishly cooperate with each other. Second, some people get so mixed with their group that they are ready to sacrifice everything in the interest of the group. For example, the army personnel are unitedly cooperating on the border for their country. Thirdly, when people feel that there is a threat to their group, then the people of that group cooperate among themselves. When a war between two nations takes place, all the people of one nation are ready to cooperate with each other. In the end Fiector pointed out that social structure is very important. Without this, it cannot be possible to maintain a social structure. Human entities are eternal. One has to depend on each other to fulfill these needs. For all these reasons there is cooperation between different groups and people of the society.
Importance Of Co-Operation
Cooperation is the mainstay of social life. Cooperation is very important in all areas of social life. Cooperation is an important place in cultural, social, economic, political and psychological fields. There is a facility to do any work through cooperation. A person encounters difficulties together. This saves time as well as resolving the problem. There have been many indicators today as a result of cooperation between different people, making our lives happier and simpler than before. Cooperation creates a feeling of unity among the people and the person is bound by the spirit of us. The organization of society remains with the spirit of us. Everyone, according to their position and situation, has a group-welfare approach. With our spirit and group – welfare, the country is also powerful. The importance of cooperation in the economic sector is also noteworthy. The work of production is done only through cooperation. In the present era, the nature of cooperation is changing due to division of labor and specialization, but cooperation has been found to be mandatory either directly or indirectly. Cooperation is required to meet different types of needs. Development of a person’s personality is also a result of cooperation. When a child is born, he is absolutely helpless. In such a situation he gets support from his parents and other family members. As a result, he changes from a biological being to a social animal. Children could not survive in the absence of cooperation. ‘From birth to death, one needs another. During this time, he also learns to support others. This shows that human progress depends on cooperation. Without cooperation, a person is not able to work peacefully. Cooperation fills a sense of brotherhood by reducing individualism. Even after different kinds of unity, the person progresses towards cooperation.
Accomodation
Individuals and groups have different interests in the society due to which there is a conflict between different individuals and groups. Conflict arises between some individuals or groups which is not good for any society. To avoid this situation, a person makes quiet changes and modifications in his behavior, so that he can fulfill his objectives and goals by reducing the opposition of other people. This benefits both sides. This process of reconciliation or reconciliation of the two sides is called adjustment. It means to say that whenever there is a conflict between two individuals and groups, people from both sides try to reduce their conflict and adapt to the situation to avoid it. That is called adaptation or cohesion adjustment. Adjustment is not permanent but instantaneous. This is done to overcome the current conflict. The definition of adjustment has been given by various sociologists. Some of the major definitions are being mentioned here.
Jones (Jones) wrote, “In a sense, adjustment is an agreement to disagree.”
According to Maciver and Page (McIver and Page), “the term adjustment expresses the process by which humans balance with their environment. Establish.”
Reuter and Heart, while defining adjustment, wrote, “Adjustment is the process through which humans reflect the changed stages of life by creating the habits and attitudes necessary in altered states.” Is. Harmonizing. “
Ogburn and Nimkoff wrote, “Adjustment is a process by which the individual and the group prosecute each other with opposing actions to establish groupism.
According to Park and Burgess (Park and Burgess), adjustment is the natural result of adjustment. Opposition to opposing elements in adjustment becomes regular for a short time. The conflict ceases as an external action, but retains its dominant power internally.
It is clear from the above definitions that adjustment is the social process by which two opposing individuals or groups reconcile. That is, adjustment is the process of establishing a balance between the opposing forces. Under this, the opposition ends upward for the present time but remains present internally. Therefore, Summer has called it ‘protest-cooperation’ (counter-protest). This can be understood by an example. Conflict and tension arises between the mill worker and the mill owner, consequently the workers go on strike. This stops production and the owner’s income. The production does not stop, so the mill owners and the workers make a commitment in which both sides have transactions and both bring changes in their practices. This whole process will be called adjustment.
Characteristics Of Accomodation
- Adjustment is an organization social process.
- In adjustment, love and conflict are found simultaneously. Conflict and tension lead to conflict. And there is also a feeling of love from the word.
- The method of adjustment varies according to the situation. The manner of compromise between two opponents varies according to time and requirement.
- The process of adjustment is conscious, because a person is ready to reconcile only after thinking, but its process also happens unconsciously.
- It is an always going process. Individuals and groups have to reconcile with every situation at all times.
- The process of adjustment is found in all the society. It is also found in religious, economic, political and social fields.
Types Of Accomodation
There are two types of adjustments. Gillin and Gillin have discussed two forms of this
Adjustments between similar groups – Adjustments to be made between similar groups and parties involve both parties to each other. There is sacrifice from both sides. This type of adjustment is most frequent in practical life. In this type of adjustment, both opposing sides are equally powerful. Such agreements occur at the family level. Such an adjustment also occurs between two equal-status companies.
Adjustment between unequal groups – In this type of adjustment, both sides are unequal. In this, the other side is more or less than the one. There is also a difference of means, power and status between them. Preference in this adjustment: Only the weaker party has to accept the competitive group. For example, agreement between servant and owner, agreement between aggressor and weak nation. It has one and another and less than the other.
Importance Of Accomodation
In the present era, the importance of adjustment has become very high. By adjusting to a modern and complex society, the individual and the group harmonize in the society. We are realizing the importance of adjustment in this way, through adjustment, the current resistance is eliminated and it helps to adapt in different areas of social life. This reduced the winter and conflict found between different individuals and summons. Become. This develops a sense of cooperation among the people. Desired in society by adjustment. Change happens. Adjustment is also necessary for economic progress. All three save time, power and means to make adjustments. They can be obtained at low cost due to the lower squeee of objects. Thus, it is clear that through adjustment, the person and group come almost to the other person and group.
Integration
Integration is a social process in which different units of society are integrated and become a complete unit. Integration is also a major process in collaborative social processes. Through this process, unity is developed between the various subsystems of the social structure and social system in such a way that many different types can be met efficiently. In common parlance, ‘integration’ means unity (solidarity) or attitude and equality of thought. The meaning of integration as a social process is different in sociology. Various scholars have expressed their views regarding integration.
Giving his definition,Ogborn and Nimkoff wrote, “Integration refers to the bonds that exist between several units to a particular system. Found to develop. Their point makes it clear that Integration is the condition of all the units of which a social structure or social system is formed from which all these units remain connected to each other and fulfill their respective types. Decisive units – existential obligation, system of social stratification (caste system), system of power and rights. This is called Dasha social integration if social malaise and many conditions contribute etc. This is another example. If we see the society as a whole, then family, religion, responsibility, politics, economy and law are its decisive units etc. When all these are related to each other and make the whole society integrated, then this integration said.
Gillin and Gillin,wrote, “Integration is not an homogeneity organization. It is intended to say that the ideas and values of the groups that make up a society are not necessarily the same, but in their feelings, attitudes and behaviors.” It is necessary to have an organization that can strengthen the social order. From this point of view, Augvern and Nimkoff explained that “Integration implies the different groups b. Ch is from peer related situations. Integration is a process that enhances social organization. In fact, the state of complete integration is not possible in any society, because the social, cultural, economic and political system is undergoing rapid changes and a new integration is needed to rate the imbalance arising from this change. . . This cycle always goes on.
Dissociative Social Processes
Competition
There is probably no such society in the world where it is not found. Society does not run only by cooperation. Leslie ‘(Leslie) makes it clear. One of the consequences of achieving any objective of that competition is better. Competition arises when certain people want to achieve limited goals simultaneously. Competition and competition is a separatist social process. Under this, there has been a feeling of jealousy – envy towards each other in small or large amounts among the participating persons. Under happiness, two sides try to achieve the same goal and neither side is willing to commit to the other. In fact, two parties try to achieve a common objective or object, but only one side succeeds in this endeavor. _ _ Competition is a worldwide social process like cooperation, the same is found in conflict. But there is a sense of violence in conflictWhereas competition is anon violent process. Competition is very beneficial for the society. Various scholars have defined competitive. Following are the views of some prominent scholars
According to the Biessanzand Biessanz, “Emotion is the effort made by two or more persons to obtain an object, while the object is so limited that all cannot become its present.”
FAIR CHILD, giving its definition, wrote, “Competition is a struggle for the use and possession of limited goods.”
Sutherland, Woodward and Maxwell Essence, “Competitive is the impersonal, unconscious, and constant struggle between individuals or groups for the attainment of limited satisfaction, because not all individuals can achieve these gratifications.”
It is clear from the above definitions that sanitation is a separatist social process in which an individual or group applies for the use or possession of limited goods. For example, there is competition among students to score the highest marks in the exam.
Charateristics Of Competition
1.Two or more persons or groups (two or more persons or groups) –
2.Impersonal Process –
- Indirect Procedure (Indirect Procedure) – Examination a group
- Continuousprocess
- Lack of violence (lack of violation)
- Universal Process (Universal Events) –
Importance Of Competition
Competitiveness is also essential for social progress in the same way as cooperation, adjustment and optimization is necessary for society. Highlighting its importance, Weissange and Weissange wrote, “We have full confidence that if cooperation gets the job done, the competition assures that they will do well.” Every person has to get his place in society from God. Is works. The person has to make efforts to get the place of superior person in the society. The person who gets ahead as a result of happiness. He attains the best position. In this way, the fun spirit makes the person get a place in the society. It is only as a result of competition that individuals or groups try to protect their own conditions and conditions which actually become the basis of social progress. Competitive for social life is beneficial but its limitations also cannot be denied. It has advantages as well as devils. Due to competition, there are tensions, mental imbalances, conflicts and criminal incidents among people in the society. On the next day, students commit suicide on receiving low marks. What is this? This is The result of the competition. Competition in life is prominent behind all the personal and social problems faced in the urban life of Western countries. But on the basis of this, it cannot be said that there should not be competition and competition in the society. Society cannot run only by cooperation. Competition has an important role in human society has come so far in the race of civilization. In this context, Bogardus states that “the pomegranate of logic develops into a linga struggle. Despite all these limitations, proper competitiveness is useful and ambitious for social life.
Conflict
Under conflict, an individual or group tries to achieve its goals by suppressing or harming the desires of another person or group. Struggle is not a product of the new era, but it is found in every society and time from time immemorial. Conflict can be of different types. When a person uses violent means to achieve his / her goals, the conflict starts. Social, cultural, religious, economic and between individuals or groups in society
Conflict arises due to psychological reasons. The definition of conflict has been given by many scholars. Some key definitions are being discussed here.
According to Maciver & Page, ‘Social conflict involves all activities in which humans dispute against each other for any purpose.
In the words of Gillin and Gillin, “Conflict is the social process in which an individual or group seeks to achieve its goals by directly threatening violence or violence to its opponent. This definition emphasizes violent methods.” . We have to use violent means. There are many examples of this in the history of the world. Mahatma Gandhi fought non-violently and also got success.
According to Green , ‘Conflict is thoughtfully the attempt to resist, retaliate or suppress the will of another or others. In this definition, conflict was considered a deliberative process. has gone. Protest and force stop have been called conflicts. In this sense, it is contrary to cooperation.
Cooley has written explaining the conflict. , “Conflict and cooperation are not separate elements, but rather different stages of a process in which both elements are equally involved. That is to say, conflict and cooperation are not separate from each other, but two aspects of the same indicator. Conflict is also found with cooperation and cooperation with conflict. Both cannot be understood by separation. These definitions show that conflict is a social process, under which an individual or group is concerned about its aims and objectives. For fulfillment, it tries to suppress another person or group or acts against them.
Charecteristics Of conflict
Conflict is a disruptive process as well as an inevitable process. Be it violent or non-violent. It is possible. Some of the major conflicts are as follows
- i) Two or more persons or groups
(ii) Deliberate Process
(iii) Personal Process
(iv) Emotional Process,
(v) Intermittent Process
(vi) Universal Process
(vii) Different Forms
Forms of Conflict
There are different forms of struggle. Different sociologists, from their point of view, form of conflict. Is mentioned.
Maciver and Page discuss two forms of conflict
(i)Direct conflict
In this type of conflict, the person or group directly harms another person or group in order to fulfill its objectives and objectives. In this, both sides get to know each other through face-to-face relationship. Communal riots, war and other lies – fightEtc. are examples of direct conflict. That is to say, it looks directly at each other in conflict.
(ii) Indirect Conflict
In this conflict one party controls the other party indirectly loss or damage. In indirect conflict, one person or group indirectly obstructs the principles of another person or group in order to fulfill their objectives, that is, one party does not come in direct contact with another party. The Cold War (Cold War) between various nations is a very good example of this. This type of conflict goes on between different traders. There is no direct conflict between them. One side tries to harm the other side without coming face to face.
Gillin and Gillin discuss five types of conflict
(i) Personal conflict (personal conflict) When a conflict occurs between a person and a person it is called a personal conflict. In this, one person harms another person’s interests for fulfillment of his interests and policies. In this type of conflict, feelings of jealousy, hatred and hatred are also found. The episode of divorce between husband and wife is a good example of this.
(ii) Racial conflict – When a conflict occurs between two people, such conflict is called a prevalent conflict.] One species comes into contact with another species and on the basis of physical characteristics considers the other species inferior and tries to suppress it. Then there are these types of conflicts. The struggle between blacks and whites in America is a vivid example of this. In modern society, color and race differences have been increasing day by day.
(iii) Class struggle – Class struggle consists of classes on various grounds. When one class tries to harm the interest of another class in order to fulfill its interest and interest, such struggle is called class struggle. This type of struggle occurs in every society in every era. In reference to this, Karl Marx (Karl Marx) has said, the history of human beings in the world has been the history of class struggle. In the present era, the struggle between workers and capitalists is class struggle. Whenever interests and interests collide between different classes in the society, a class-conflict situation arises. .
(iv) Political conflict (Political conflict) – There are two forms of political struggle –
(A)National Conflict (Intercountry Conflict) – It involves a conflict between different political parties of the same nation. A political group tries to harm another political party to serve its purpose.
(B) International conflict (International conflict) – This type of conflict takes place from different nations. When some countries of the world spoil the interests of other nations in order to fulfill their interests, then such struggle is called international conflict.
Kingsley Davis describes two forms of conflict
- Partial Conflict (Partial Conflict) – This type of confidence is found in opposition to the means of achieving goals after agreement between two parties.
- Total struggle (total conflict) – There is no commitment and achievement of goals. Physical strength or force is used. Davis has described only the difference in absolute conflict and partial conflict.
Importance of Conflict
In fact, conflict is as important to society as cooperation. In this context, Mechiver and Page say that “society struggle is a mixed cooperation” (ie, the balance of society is also based on the integration of both processes in the value of society). While the Baha group has to face trouble and destruction through struggle, it proves to be very functional for the interlude.
It connects the people of the group. When there was English rule in India. Then this country was divided into various states and territories. Here many kings and kings were running their rule under the British rule. But the freedom struggle did not only connect the various provinces and territories of India, but also worked to unite different sects and castes. Kosar has laid great emphasis on the functional initiative of the conflict. Without struggle, good work cannot be done in the society. Conflict is absolutely essential for an egalitarian society. Today, every class which is rooted in the mainstream of social development is the result of their struggle.
In fact, the struggle has accelerated the pace of social development. Other scholars have also highlighted the importance of conflict. Highlighting its importance, Reuter and Hart wrote, “The end of conflict is the basis of self-consciousness and collective consciousness as well as the reason for their development”. It is meant to say that it is only through struggle that members of society become aware and conscious and are aligned in the thread of unity. Conflict is sometimes required for both personal and social problems. Neither a person nor a nation or society can move forward without struggle. But conflict over a certain limit is harmful. Many forms of struggle exist in the society and this is also a permanent fact. Struggle is also necessary to remove social inequality, tyranny and corruption etc. In the absence of this, one class exploits and continues to exploit the other. In this context, Karl Marx has said that the history of human society is the history of class struggle. Partial struggle to eliminate evils in society is beneficial. Partial conflict has always been happening in the society, but the use of full or open conflict is harmful. The conflict does not necessarily have to be violent. Major goals can also be achieved through non-violent struggle. Beesange and Beesange have stated “More conflict is destructive and it creates more problems than solutions to problems. Thus it is clear that along with cooperation in society, conflict is also necessary.”