Subject – Matter of Population Policy
The population policy of a country is determined by relating the four demographic variables size, rate, distribution and formation to its economic, political, ecological and social sciences etc.
The above variables are explained as follows:
(i) Size means the total population of an area.
(ii) Rate refers to the birth rate, death rate, natural growth and overall growth rate
(iii) Distribution refers to the mobility, spread and internal and international migration etc. of the people of a particular area.
(iv) Composition includes the distribution of population on social, biological and ethnic basis in addition to characteristics.
Variables of applied sciences-
(i) Economic variables include total national output, per capita income per family, distribution of national income, standard of living, economic welfare, capital investment, labor force, employment opportunities, wages, housing and transportation. tools etc. are included.
(ii) Political variables include the functioning of the state, political performance and decisions, political movement on the basis of caste system, international relations, security and political.
(iii) Ecological or environmental variables include the dual use of resources in kind, such as the consumption of natural resources and the need for power, the use of the environment as a resource, etc.
(iv) Social variables include health, education, work opportunities, importance of women, size of the family, knowing the family as an institution and the means of life, etc. In this way, problems related to population policy are studied by relating these variables to each other respectively.
Economic factors – For many decades in the United States, due to the size and rate of population, the problem of production of consumable goods and the standard of living did not arise, whereas in relation to other countries including India, both size and rate remained a problem. R1 – In the coming few decades in the United States, if population growth remains between +2% and 0.5%, then it will not become a problem for the economic standard of living. This need not be true for other countries.
These facts automatically raise many questions – can the population growth rate be reduced to zero or less without causing any harm to the economics? Can a country achieve population stability without achieving economic stability? D ] – What is the effect of regional prosperity or technology on the internal and external migration of a country? Appropriate communication and transport, whether government or private, shows the effect of urbanization or economic attractiveness on employment etc.