Characteristics of indian culture
Varna system – Varna system is very important in Indian society and culture from the point of view of making social life of individuals useful and providing stability to them. In India, it is considered as a system of social stratification, varna and caste should be treated and treated as two separate streams. Indian society was divided into four varanas – Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras. The responsibilities (roles), rights, functions and occupations of each varna were determined differently from each other. The Vedas throw some light on the origin of the Varna system by the Sukta – the man of the Rigveda. According to this, Brahmins originated from the mouth of Brahma, Kshatriyas from the arms, Vaishyas from the abdomen and thighs, and Shudra varna from the feet. On the basis of this, their works were also divided. The work of Brahmins was determined to be studied – teaching, protecting the Kshatriyas, trading of Vaishyas and serving the above mentioned three classes of Shudras.
Caste system – caste system is a very special social feature of Indian culture. There are about three thousand castes and tribes in every linguistic region of India. In practice, our social structure is made up of thousands of castes and sub-castes who determine the social status of a person on the basis of birth. E. a . H. Blunt, defining caste, wrote that “Caste is a collection of endogamous groups or endogamous groups, with a common name, whose membership is hereditary, which imposes certain restrictions on its members in the area of social cohabitation.” Members either carry on a common traditional occupation or claim their origin on a common authority and thus are recognized as a homogenous community. “1 Hence the caste-system is a closed class. Currently, many changes have been found in the nature and functions of the caste system, yet it has its own special system of Indian social stratification.
Ashram – System – In Indian society, labor – system tries to organize a person’s personality by setting different duties at different levels of life. P. N. Prabhu (P. N. Prabhu) has clarified that the word prasrama indicates two stages – (1) a place where to work and (2) the action to be done for this type of labor . In Indian society, according to the legal system – a person has been divided into four parts of 25 years each, assuming 100 years of age, they are four ashrams –
(1) Brahmacharya – Adhram,
(2) Grihastha – Pashram,
(3) Vanaprastha – Sacrament, and
(4) Sannyas – Prishram.
Through these rituals a person attains four Purusharthas – Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksha. Ved Vyasa has written in the ‘Mahabharata’ that “the four abodes of life are the four steps of the development of the personality, on which a person climbing down attains Brahm.”
Thus we see that in the ashram system, the person’s life was organized and both enjoyment and sacrifice were arranged in it.
Joint family – Another important feature of Indian society is joint family. K. M . According to Pannikar, “Here is a joint family, not a person of Hindu society.” Mrs. IrawatiKarve wrote that “or if we want to understand any cultural fact in India, three things are necessary”. These are – linguistic area structure, caste – institution and family knowledge. s . C . Dubey has written to the joint family, clarifying that the many mal-families live together, and have close ties to them, eat at the same level, and function as an economic unit. If they participate in a valid puja, they can be called joint family in their combined form. “It is clear from the above characteristics that elements taken from many sources under Indian culture have been organized in one form and that the process of integration was so complete that it is clear from this that the result of the initial synthesis formed the basis of culture and its There was no revolutionary change in the framework that was seen. Though there have been some modifications in it due to the continuous evolutionary process, but those amendments are also in the same directions which are probably already set.
Tolerance and Greatness – The first important feature of Indian culture is its tolerance and greatness. People of many castes, species and religions entered India and India displayed tolerance and affection with all of them without any discrimination. Simultaneously, India did not attempt to impose its culture on any individual or group, but allowed them to remain in their original form. This is the reason why even today people of different religions, different castes, different species and different sects are living in India independently. All this has been possible only through the tolerance and greatness of Indian culture.
Coordination and blending – Due to the greatness of Indian culture, it is possible to coordinate and blend different cultures here. The ocean of Indian culture absorbed various religions, systems and communities and made its culture even greater. Unity in Indian culture was established through the coordination of different cultures. People like Shaka, Han, Kushan, Yavana, etc. became part of Indian culture. The pro-Islam Muslims, Sikhs, Parsis, Christians, etc. also got mixed up in Indian public life. It is clear that due to its greatness, this coordination was possible and it was due to this coordination that Indian culture continued to move and exist.
Non-materialism – Indian culture does not pay more attention to non-material things than material. India has given great importance to spiritualism from the very beginning. Material happiness – enjoyment was never accepted as the goal of life here, but spiritualism was strengthened due to concepts like God, soul, karma and rebirth. In this way, religion and spiritualism are the life of Indian culture in place of material enjoyment, enjoyment and lip-service.
Purushartha – ‘Purushartha’ has a very important place in streamlining the traditional Indian way of life. The four important goals of a person’s life are explained in the Purushaath, in order to affect the entire life of the person and his major duties can be divided into some special classes. These four goals are – Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksha. Explaining the meaning of the four efforts M . Kapadia wrote that maksha is the symbol of the ultimate purpose of human life and the inner spiritual newness of man. Meaning explains the shal tendency to receive and store human objects. Kama expresses the innate nature and emotional life of human and its function is to satisfy the work of man – spirit and aesthetic instinct of love. These two represent the physical attachment, activity and success of life in this world. Religion is a series of human bestial and divine tendencies. Thus these four goals co-ordinate the efforts made for spirituality. ”
Karma and rebirth – ‘Karma and rebirth’ influenced Indian life as much as possible, perhaps no other concept. Here, people were not preached to be discriminated against in the world, but insisted on continuing to perform deeds or fulfilling their obligations without wishing for fruit while in the world. It is written in the Gita, “Man only has the right to do karma, the desire for fruit is futile. Shri PN Prabhu has tried to connect it with luck through many mythological examples. Prayer Keith also said the principle of karma It is considered as the determinant of destiny by calling it the ‘purely fatalistic principle’. Dr. Radhakrishnan wrote that “the principle of karma is not to bind the person with luck, but in every circumstance the person is allowed to give up his own life or development.” The notion of re-birth is associated with karma. The real reason for rebirth is his actions performed in a previous life. By virtue of a person’s life, one gets a superior birth and a bad birth from misdeeds.
Debt – In the Hindu way of life, a person is mainly considered to be equipped with five debts. These are Dev – loan, Rishi – loan, Pitru – loan, guest – loan and past – Riga. Whatever a person is, he is indebted to others for the condition he is in, he is indebted to the gods, sages, parents, guests and animals and birds, so by fulfilling his obligation towards them, he should be free from these debts. Can. For this, five Mahayagyas have been explained. Indian society and culture keeps these Indian people from their responsibilities through these loans and they cannot insult their elders in a clean manner.
Sanskar – ‘Sanskar’ is actually a social hero concept of Indian life which is associated with purification of individuals. Dr. s . P. Nagendra, in his article in the journal Eastern Anthropologist, has written that human instincts are at the root of the origin of processes. This is another form of tendency to construct narratives. “1 In the Indian social stage, the physical, mental and moral sophistication and purification of a person is considered essential to make a person a socio-religious person and for the complete development of his personality and to make him socially viable. The same refinement or purification method is the same. It is believed. Dr. Rajbali Pandey has written in ‘Hindu Sanskar’ that Sanskar means ‘religious law legislation’ or an act which is considered to be an external and visible symbol of inner and spiritual beauty. Jaimini was also said in the East Mimamsa. Is that “Sanskar is that by which any substance becomes useful. ”