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Elements of a Prudent Population Policy

Following are the main elements of a prudent population policy

Arrangement for the welfare of women’s society-

For the success of population policy, it is necessary that arrangements should be made for the welfare of women’s society. In fact, in reducing the birth rate, women’s awareness, advancement in their social status and attraction towards economic independence etc. They should be given priority in employment and proper arrangements for education and training should be made for them.

Unequal distribution of achievements of economic development –

Very unequal distribution of achievements of economic development is found in developing countries and most of the poor people of the country are deprived of these benefits. The result of this is that in most of the developing countries, the poor class remains poor even when the national income and per capita income increase.
If transferred, it will certainly encourage individualistic system.

Balanced regional distribution of population –

Under the population policy, efforts are made to reduce the regional imbalance of population. In fact, in areas where the burden of population is high, the majority of the labor force remains unemployed or under-employed. If this surplus of labor is transferred to densely populated areas, then this additional labor force can prove to be useful. Due to this, natural resources can be properly exploited in the less burdened areas of the economy. The regional imbalance of population can be reduced by providing attractive facilities in low density areas by the state.

Promotion of education –

Promotion of education also helps in reducing the birth rate. With the expansion of education and training, the working capacity of workers can also be increased, which reduces their childbearing years. One of the major advantages of the spread of education is that the common people understand the importance of family planning. In this way, the spread of education makes an important contribution to the development and expansion of family planning programs.

Promotion and dissemination of family planning program –

In less developed countries, the need of family planning is the main need of the time. In fact, simple measures of family planning should be widely publicized. In fact, the methods of family planning largely depend on the social environment. It is seen that the spread of family planning is somewhat difficult in rural areas, in low-income groups and in the society of religious fundamentalists. Under the family planning program, such alternative contraceptive methods should be made available so that people can choose one of these methods according to their beliefs, social status and interest. Apart from this, continuous research work should be conducted regarding the methods of family planning so that modern and simple methods of contraception can be used. The reality is that only such methods of contraception and abortion are more prevalent which do not require surgery and much medical help.

Change in the social environment-

The problem of population is a social problem, so the social environment has a great influence on it. Many beliefs, traditions and customs are prevalent in our social environment, due to which the problem of population becomes more serious. In this view, along with the expansion of education and testing, protection of life and mobility of labor should be encouraged.

Elements of Indian Population Policy –

Out of the above mentioned ideal elements of population policy, the following elements have been included in the population policy of India.

1. Promotion of Mobility – People in India shy away from separation from their village or city and their families and relatives. This mobility of the people hinders the economic development of the country. The goal of eliminating this mobility has been set in the population policy. Thus an essential element of the Indian population policy is to motivate the mobility of population or labour.

2. Industrialization- Industrialization is an essential need of India in modern times. The following arguments can be presented regarding the need for industrialization in India (i) New industries develop due to planning and successful industrialization. Urban structures are built. This results in growth and expansion of education, training and small employed families etc. (ii) With the help of labor and machines, production of essential commodities is possible on a large scale. (iii) Employment can be provided in factories especially to the unemployed, under-employed and invisible unemployed people of rural areas. (iv) The birth rate also decreases as a result of industrialization. It is clear that today industrialization is an essential part of population policy in India.

3. Efforts to increase agricultural production – Most of India’s population is dependent on agriculture for its livelihood, so increase in agricultural production is an essential element of population policy here. In order to increase agricultural production in India, efforts are being made to do agriculture on non-agricultural holdings and efforts are being made to do agriculture on extensive land.

4. Controlling the birth rate – An essential part of India’s population policy is to control the birth rate here. The Government of India adopted the policy of voluntary family delimitation under the five year plan. There was a provision to spend Rs 65 lakh on this, but in reality only Rs 18.5 lakh could be spent during the period. There was a provision of spending Rs 5 crore in the second five year plan, but in reality only Rs 2.3 crore was spent on family planning. In the fifth five year plan, there was a provision of spending Rs 497.4 crore on this, in which Rs 409 crore had been spent till 1977-78. In the seventh plan, a provision of 3256 crores was made for the family welfare program.

Elements of Indian Population Policy –

Out of the above mentioned ideal elements of population policy, the following mentioned elements have been included in the population policy of India.

4. Controlling the birth rate- Controlling the birth rate here is also an essential part of the population policy of India. The Government of India adopted the policy of voluntary family delimitation under the five year plan. There was a provision to spend Rs 65 lakh on this, but in reality only Rs 18.5 lakh could be spent during the period. There was a provision of spending Rs 5 crore in the second five year plan, but in reality only Rs 2.3 crore was spent on family planning. In the fifth five year plan, there was a provision of spending Rs 497.4 crore on this, in which Rs 409 crore had been spent till 1977-78. In the seventh plan, a provision of 3256 crores was made for the family welfare program.

According to Terav, “The measures that are taken to solve the problem of population, only those measures can be taken under population policy. This policy mainly includes both population growth or prevention.” According to Bernard Berelson, this policy It includes all those government efforts which are done to change the population related phenomena or which actually bring about change. Three things are important in this definition (i) It is related to all short and long term government efforts, rules, bye-laws, orders and administrative programs. (ii) It is concerned with objectives and results. (iii) It takes into account various ethnic, social and religious conditions. Therefore, in population policy both qualitative and quantitative aspects of population are considered. Qualitative aspect means to improve the health, life expectancy, structure, education and migratory tendency of the people, while quantitative means to control the amount of population in such a way that the balance of population with national resources is maintained.

Objectives of Population Policy

The objectives of population policy can be studied in two ways.

1. Qualitative Approach
2. Quantitative Approach

1. Qualitative Approach- Qualitative and quantitative changes take place in the population of every country, but these changes are gradual, which is felt after a few years and from the next census data. Such changes in the population that bring about qualitative changes in the population of the country are called qualitative aspects of the population. Improvement in qualitative values is also called ‘human capital formation’, so human resource development is a process in which huge amount of investment is made for the development of values and power of human life so that the country’s manpower is in view of technical ability and skill. to be special. The qualitative aspect of population includes the following subjects (i) expected age, (ii) literacy, (iii) health, (iv) productivity of labor, (v) risk taking ability.

2. Quantitative Approach

The following elements are taken into account in the quantitative approach of population
(i) Fertility rate or birth rate – In this, by studying and analyzing the current fertility rate of the country, it is evaluated whether the current birth rate and thus the size of the population are suitable in terms of the resources available in the country. On this basis, efforts are made to reduce or increase the fertility rate. For example, in some developed countries where the population is low, efforts are being made to increase fertility. Whereas in underdeveloped countries where the population is increasing, efforts are being made to reduce the fertility.

(ii) Reducing death and morbidity- Today the main objective of population policy of every country is to reduce the mortality rate and increase the health improvement of the countrymen. This increases the expected lifespan and increases the labor force and productive life.

(iii) Determination of Migration- Determination of internal and external migration in the country according to the interests of the countrymen is a major part of population policy. In this way, population policy consists of the following things

(i) controlling birth and death rates,

(ii) regulation of population size and growth rate according to resources,

(iii) balancing the geographical distribution of population,

(iv) ) to improve the structure and quality of population,

(v) to regulate the population according to the desired pace of economic development,

(vi) to determine and arrange the age of marriage and migration according to the desired population, etc.

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