Measures for Eradicating Unempolyment:
Removing unemployment is not an easy task as this problem is related to the entire economic and social system. Therefore, unemployment cannot be removed without reforming the entire system of the country. The following measures can be adopted in this regard:
(1) To stop unemployment it is necessary to stop the growth of population. Employment facilities are increasing in a very small proportion in the country, so it is advisable not to let birth rate rise. For this it is necessary to adopt family planning.
For this, it is necessary to improve the education system as well. Simultaneously, more emphasis should be laid on technical education so that qualified and skilled people can be found for the right place.
3) Improvement in agricultural problems is also very difficult to overcome Indian unemployment. For this, the need is to have a proper system of irrigation, to make more and more miko cultivable and to provide loans to farmers on easy terms.
(4) Seasonal unemployment can be easily overcome by increasing public works. With the implementation of such works, farmers will be able to work at a time when they remain idle.
(5) Establishment of employment centers (Empolyment Exchanges) is another way to remove unemployment because through these centers, by providing technical education to the workers, they can easily work and establish balance in the demand and supply of workers in the country. It is possible . It has often been seen that employment facilities are available in the country but due to lack of knowledge about vacant workers, they cannot get work. Employment centers will be able to solve this problem.
6) Unemployment insurance can also be helpful in reducing the consequences of unemployment as these beams will continue to provide financial assistance to the workers during the crisis and their standard of living will be so low that they will no longer be of any use.
(7) In order to solve the problem of unemployment in a comprehensive manner, we have to create huge employment opportunities in the rural areas so that the tendency of leaving the village to the cities can be stopped. This objective can be achieved well through the ‘Area Focused Program for Integrated Rural Development, in which the needs of small and marginal farmers and agricultural laborers should be given priority.
(8) By developing small and cottage industries, we can also take important steps towards solving the problem of unemployment or unemployment; But small scale industry should not be a small adaptation of big industry; Rather, it should be an industry that uses an industry that is suited to the conditions of our waste labor and scarce capital.
(9) The government will also have to play an active role to remove unemployment, as it will never be possible to solve this problem until proper plans are made by the government. The government should itself thrive many such industries in the public sector that can provide more opportunities for employment; But it should also be remembered that this problem cannot be solved only by relying on industrialization. . Since the economy of India is more dependent on the villages, new work-policies have to be made to provide gainful employment in rural areas only. If the government really wants to find a solution to the unemployment problem, it will have to give concrete and concrete form to Mahatma Gandhi’s ‘idea of self-reliant rural communities’.
Governmental Efforts to Eradicate Unempolyment
Many efforts have been made by the government from time to time to remove unemployment. Although the mention of those efforts is often impossible, some of the major efforts in this regard can be presented very briefly in the following form:
- National Employment Services – PEDMINOT offices were established in 1944 to help people get employment. The number of these offices was 143 in 1956. Today it is 869. It does not include 87 universities, employment – information and guidance bureaus. Through these employment offices, millions of people are assisted in providing employment every year. The Central Government has set up 117 centers for the training and guidance of people desirous of scheduled caste and scheduled tribe jobs. Apart from this, 2,090 Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) have also been set up in the entire country where about 4 lakh artisans are being trained in the country. Not only this, there are 25 special employment offices for the physically challenged. For them, 19 vocational rehabilitation centers are operating in cities like Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Calcutta, Delhi, Jabalpur, Kanpur, Ludhiana, Jaipur, Patna, etc. These centers provide outright comprehensive services to the disabled for their rehabilitation. Special centers for women with disabilities have been set up in Patna and Vadodara. In addition, under the Higher Vocational Training System (1977), Foreman – Supervisor, Training Scheme (1971), Apprentices Training Scheme (1961), and Industrial Workers’ Share Link Training Scheme (1958), people are also prepared for employment. . Vocational training services are also available for women. The Central Women’s Training Institute is a national women’s training institute based in New Delhi. The institute provides trainer training and higher training in specialized occupations suited to women. On 15 August 1979, the National Scheme for the Training of Rural Youth for Self-Employment (TRYSEM) was launched as a centrally sponsored scheme. Its main objective is to provide the necessary technical and skill to rural youth in the age group of 18 to 35 years to obtain the qualification for agriculture and allied activities, industry, services and business self-employment. About 20 lakh rural youth have been trained under this scheme so far.
2 . Employment Oriented Program of Khadi and Village Industries Commission – Khadi and Village Industries Commission is running a program to provide ’employment close to home’ on which Rs 1600 crore will be spent. This will provide 17 lakh jobs in Khadi, 35 lakh in village industries and 20 lakh in new small scale industries.
- Self-Employment Scheme – By 1982, 394 District Industrial Centers were established to provide employment through the development of decentralized small and cottage industries – businesses through which people are provided financial assistance for ‘self-employment’. 3 in the year 1979 – 80 alone under this scheme. It is estimated to provide employment to 66 lakh people. From 15 August 1983, the Central Government has launched another scheme of ‘self-employment’. Under this scheme, 2, 50, 000 educated unemployed people in cities below 10 lakh population will get a loan of Rs. 25,000 per person per year to establish their industry or business. For this, an additional amount of 160 crores will be made available to the banks. In the year 1983 – 84, under this scheme, 2. 42 lakh youth benefited, while 2 in 1984 – 85. 5 lakh youth were provided benefits. 31 under the scheme during the year 1990 – 91. 62, 18 crores were sanctioned to 597 educated unemployed. Apart from this, the central government has recently started a new self-employment scheme for urban poverty, on which Rs 250 crore. It is estimated to be spent and 5 lakh people will benefit from it.
- Recent Rural Employment Schemes – Some rural employment schemes such as ‘National Rural Employment Program’, ‘Rural’ during the last decade to provide work to the rural unemployed and under-employed, which affect the rural population, especially the poorest class. Landless employment guarantee scheme and ‘JawaharRozgarYojana’ were started. It was started in October 1980 as a scheme sponsored by RashtriyaGraminRojakandra and its expenses were – to create additional opportunities for gainful employment, construction of permanent community assets and improvement of all aspects of the life of the villagers. On 15 August 1983, the villagers’ on the same basis
BhimlessRojgar Guarantee Yojana (RLEGP) was launched. It was a 100 percent centrally sponsored scheme. The objective of the scheme was to improve and expand employment opportunities especially for rural landless laborers and to guarantee at least one member of every rural landless laborer family to provide 100 days of employment in a year. 1, 874 crore and 3, 092 crore respectively on the National Rural Employment Program in the Central and State sectors during the Sixth and Seventh Plan. Employment was provided for 17, 750 lakh and 14, 780 lakh working days respectively. ‘Under the Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Program, Rs. 394 crore and Rs. 2,640 crore respectively during the Sixth and Seventh Plan. Employment was provided for 2, 630 lakh and 11, 500 lakh working days respectively by spending. From April 1, 1989, the ‘National Rural Employment Program and Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Program were merged into the single village employment program known as’ JawaharRozgarYojana’. Now we will discuss in detail about the same scheme.
(5) JawaharRozgarYojana 1989 – On 28 April 1989, Prime Minister Shri Rajiv Gandhi announced a ‘JawaharRozgarYojana’ worth 21 billion rupees. Under this, at least one member of 4 crore 40 lakh families below the poverty line in the medium to village panchayats will get employment. All the schemes till now providing employment will now come under this. The center will spend 80 percent on this scheme. Corruption in employment programs will reduce with the implementation of the scheme by the panchayats. Apart from this, the money spent in this regard will be available to the needy instead of getting it to the brokers and middlemen.
Under JawaharRozgarYojana, 30 percent of the employment will be given to the poor women of the countryside. Panchayats will formulate employment schemes themselves, looking at local needs and resources. Under this scheme, 80 thousand to one lakh rupees will be given every year to the panchayat of villages with three to four thousand population. Under this, at least one member of the families below the poverty line will get 50 to 100 days of employment guarantee. Also, the place of work will be kept nearby. Such a financial structure has been created for this scheme, so that the states will be given a proportion of the population below the poor line.
It will be further handed over to the districts. This will be done according to the criteria of backwardness. Such as the share of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the total population of the district, the ratio of agricultural laborers to the total laborers and the level of agricultural productivity. In this program, special attention will be given to meet the needs of geographically specific areas such as hills and islands. It is expected that before handing over the responsibility of finances and programs to the Panchayats, a larger amount will be spent on the program than ever before. The implementation of this program will be so much more open and clean, as never before. Every villager will know how much is there for the program and which schemes will be spent on it. He will also keep information about who are working in his village in these schemes. Every person seeking employment will know how much wages he is taking and how much others are taking. He will also know how many days of work are being given to him and others. On June 8, 1989, an additional five and a quarter billion was made for the JawaharRozgarYojana. For this scheme a provision of Rs.2,100 crore was first made that in the year 1989 – 90, it increased to 2623. 08 crores was reduced to Rs. Until September 1989 this
Under the program, about Rs. 550 crores. Employment was provided for about 2, 320 lakh working days by spending.
(6) Other important programs – In addition to the above mentioned programs, several efforts have been made at the government level from time to time to remove unemployment in the country. In 1971, a ‘Crash Scheme for Rural Employment Program’ was started by the government, on which Rs 150 crore was spent. Additionally, under the National Adult Education Program, 7, 100 people are projected to get full-time employment and 37, 600 people will get part-time employment. Currently, 2, 59, 476 adult education centers are functioning in the country.
Apart from this, commendable efforts have been made to remove unemployment through the five-year plans of the country. In the first five-year plan, 70 lakh new employment opportunities were created. Similarly, 1 crore in second plan, 1 crore 45 lakh in third plan and 1 crore 50 lakh new employment opportunities in fifth plan. For the first time in the history of the country, the Sixth Five Year Plan was made employment-oriented. In all, 40 million people are expected to get employment during the scheme. Not only this, the Seventh Plan is Rs 18 trillion. Has been made and through this, more than 4 crore people will be provided employment in the country. Efforts are also being made to provide employment to more and more people under the Prime Minister’s new twenty point program. Apart from this, ‘Indira AwasYojana’ has recently been started by the Central Government for which in the Seventh Plan, 1743.
A provision of Rs 18 crore has been made. Employment-generating goals. 3 crore man-days have been fixed. Not only this, various state governments have also made special efforts to remove unemployment. The Employment Guarantee Scheme has been in operation in Maharashtra for the last few years. Similarly, ‘Continuous Special Employment Program’ has been started in Jammu and Kashmir and Punjab. Apart from this, ‘Unemployment Allowance’ is being given to the unemployed by the governments of Delhi Municipal Corporation, Pondicherry, West Bengal, Gujarat, Kerala, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Bihar, Punjab, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Recently, the Government of Uttar Pradesh has planned to employ at least one member of every family to raise the standard of living below the poverty line. It is clear from the above discussion that many efforts have been made by the government to overcome the complex problem of unemployment and are also being done continuously. It is to be remembered here that the rural unemployment problem is a serious challenge for today’s employers. For India, its solution is not only essential for economic growth and production growth, but also for the establishment of social justice, political stability and full opportunity for development for all. It is our duty that we all come together and get ready to solve this problem with full devotion. Have been done and planned the complex problem of Nikara.