Social Problems                                                                                                                                                  

Social Problems                                                                           

Meaning and Forms of Social Problems

Classification of Social Problems

Major Causes of Social Problems Social Problems in India

 Difficulties in Treatment of Social Problems

 

2.Concept of Social Disorganization                                            

Symptoms of Social Discontinuation

Types of Social Disruption in India 

Causes of social disintegration

 

3. Major social problems and nature of social disintegration. 

     Principle of cultural disorganization.

    Value – Theory of conflict.

 

4. Deviation           

     meaning of deviation.  And institutional patterns

 

5.Poverty                                                                                       

    Causes of poverty in India.

    Relationship between poverty and inadequate nutrition       

 

6.Unemployment                                                                           

    Cause

    Consequences

    Suggestion to Remove

 

7.Casteism                                                                                     

   Cause

   Consequences

   Suggestion to Remove

 

8. Corruption in public life 76-86

     Measures to solve corruption

 

9.Communalism                                                                            

   Origine and development of communalism.

The consequences of communalism.

 Suggestions to remove communalism.

 10.. Regionality                                                                                            

 

 Factors of development of regionalism.

Measures to prevent regionalism. 

11.Dowry                                                                                                        

12.Divorce                                                                                                      

13.Tribal Problems                                                                                       

 Problems of Scheduled Castes and Tribes

 Problems of Scheduled Castes and Tribes,

Constitutional Arrangements and Welfare Schemes Problems of Scheduled Castes (Employability)

Problems of Scheduled Tribes Constitutional Arrangements Regarding Scheduled Tribes

 

Social Problems

 

 Meaning And Nature Of Social Problem

  The conditions which the society considers as condemnable or undesirable are considered social problems.  It is also necessary for a social problem that most members of society accept it as offensive, slanderous or undesirable.  A social problem refers to a situation that affects a section or a large section of society and has or can have harmful consequences that are only possible to solve collectively.  In India, many customs and mores have been the birthplace of social problems.  In Zamindari system, the problem of poverty has arisen due to exploitation of landless farmers.  In the name of religion, problems such as prostitution came to be practiced by the Devadasi system, but now these problems are considered as human or social problems rather than being a divine gift, which is also solved by the human society.  In general terms, social problems are a situation which a large section of the society or conscious reformer class considers a problem or in terms of public consciousness and resentment is a situation which indicates danger to the traditional social system, social values ​​and ideals.

 

 According to Richard Vaskin, “Social problem is the social situation that attracts the attention of potential, capable and competent critics of society and makes them realize that there is a need of rearrangement and any social and collective action to remedy the situation.  “

 

  Martin H.  Neumeyer wrote that “there are three elements to a social problem.

 (1) being in a state of social and personal disintegration,

 (2) the condition that the majority of the population (society) considers a threat to social values, and (3) the kind of feeling that such a situation calls for appropriate social action.

 

Hatet and Lesley wrote that “social problem is a condition that affects many people detrimentally and can only be prevented by collective action. These definitions have four main elements.

(i)A situation that affects the majority of people in society,

  (ii) This effect is considered unfair and harmful,

 (iii) Prevention is considered possible and

  (iv) Prevention is possible only by collective action.

 

Harten and Lesley think that social problems are social in origin, as they affect many members of society.  The definitions are social because society considers them inappropriate and social in reform because they highlight collective efforts.  According to Robert Nisbet, “Social problem is a trade-off method that a large part of society considers to be a violation of accepted norms. No matter how human behavior is repugnant to some individuals or small group, social  Will not be considered a problem unless it

  (A) by a large number of individuals in the society,

 (B) Morally objectionable and distasteful to consciousness,

  (C) should not be considered deviation from the accepted rules. 

 

For example, before this century, poverty was not considered a social problem in America, it was considered only an inevitable part of the human condition, but now poverty is considered as a social problem in America and Western civilization.  Drug use in India has recently been considered a social problem.  Similarly, in many societies family disintegration, mental disorder and alcoholism (which is actually very old in human history) have recently been considered social problems.

 

  Harry Bedmeier and Jackson Toby have written that “social problem is a situation in which three stages occur –

  1) In which there are failed, desperate and frustrated people, because they fail to face the conditions related to the suitability, security, adequacy and satisfaction of their society,

 (2) Those people try to face their despair and failure and

  (3) Their effort should generate wide concern and curiosity in the society.

 

 Classification Of Social Problems

 

  Zone J, Kane divided social problems into two categories:

 

1. Evident social problems – A manifest social problem is a social condition for which collective remedial efforts are made by the state or private agencies or both as the public is made aware of it and begins to believe that it  Condition is a threat to society according to the value systems of society.  Child crime, alcoholism, unemployment, poverty and population growth etc. fall in this category.

 

  2 .  Anticipated social problems – An indeterminate social problem is one for which no remedial collective action has been taken, but which is nonetheless a threat to society, at least in the minds of the public at a block or group or many able observers.  The anticipated social problem is also a real problem, but it does not appear to be a social problem until public awareness is raised and collective action is taken to prevent it.  Untouchability has been an anticipated social problem in our country for hundreds of years, but at present it has become a visible social problem because public awareness is now being made towards it and collective efforts are being made to redress it.

 

 Difference Between Personal And Social Problems

 

  The following are the differences between personal and social problems:

1. Relations and area of ​​influence – The relation and area of ​​personal problem is limited to individual, whereas social problem is related to the whole society and community and the whole society or a large part of it.  Influences.

 2 .  Efforts for redress – Since personal problem is related to individual, it is also tried to solve it individually while social OTE8 are the collective efforts to solve the problem.

3. Disadvantages – Personal Problem Person’s Development SUND

 

 A social problem is a hindrance to social development and progress.

4. Birth – Individuals themselves or f some people are responsible for the birth of a personal problem and its consequences have to be suffered by the individual itself, while many people of society or community have a hand in giving birth to the social problem and its consequences are also many  People have to suffer.

 

 5 Means – In the case of personal problems, the person uses the means disapproved by the society to fulfill his objectives and needs whereas in the case of social problems, most of the people of the society start fulfilling their objectives and needs through unethical means.

 

6. Results – During personal problems, there is an imbalance and disintegration in the personality of the person, while in the case of social problems, the social structure and organization are disturbed.

 

7. Period – The personal problem ends with the person while the social problem is long-lasting due to the continuity of the society.  Despite its efforts to prevent it, it does exist in some amount.  Factors affecting the size of the problem The first factor influencing the size of the problem is the number of individuals involved in that situation.  His second factor is the intensity of emotion generated by the problem.  This feeling is known as impulse.

  According to Nisbet, individuals or groups who define a situation as a problem experience moral fury.  These two factors are the number of people involved in the situation and the impulse interacting in many forms.  The presence of both of these is necessary for any size problem.  If one of these two factors is found, the social nature of the problem is insignificant.  For example, millions – crores of people of a society may be victims of poverty, but their poverty is not a major social problem until they consider this situation unfair or changeable in the present India.  The spread of ideology has made people aware of poverty and they are beginning to realize that it is unfair to maintain poverty and it can be reduced or eliminated by effort.  This is the reason that it has assumed the form of a problem of large size nowadays.  It is clear that the size of a social problem is highest when people become increasingly agitated in large numbers and are therefore presented to take action.  Different stages involved in the development of a social problem: The origin of any social problem involves certain systematic steps which have been discussed by various social scientists.

 

  According to Phoolar and Meyers, the following three stages in the development of a social problem are:

 

1. Awareness – In this stage, a perception arises in people that the problem is undesirable and its prevention is necessary.  Gradually, this kind of experience is started by most of the people of the society.

 

  2 .  Policy setting – At this stage, as more and more people of the society become aware of the problem, the debate is over for the determination of the policy to decide its possible remedial measures.  Therefore, at this stage, there is a debate on what can be done to solve the problem.

 

3. Improvement – The policies and solutions set out in this phase are implemented.  Therefore this step is also called the implementation status.

 

 Spector and Kitsus have shown the important role of the following four factors in the development of social problem:

1. State Of Movement

 2 .  State Of Reasoning And Cooperation

3. Officer System And Its Response Status
4. The State Of The Re-Emergence Of The Movement

 described below:

1. State of the movement – In this state the person is dissatisfied with the particular situation arising in the society and agitates against him, whose basic objective was to attract more and more attention to the situation.

 Sa – in India.  So that immediate action can be taken to rectify the situation.  Such a movement can be carried out by the aggrieved persons or by social workers instead of them.  For example, in order to deal with the social problem of the people suffering from child crime, flood, famine, the movement is run more by social workers and reformers than by the victims.  Sometimes such movement also fails due to some reasons such as vague claims related to them, weakening of the movement group etc.

  2 .  The state of rationality and cooperation – the dominion of the mass society or the ruling person supports the problem: if the problem is accepted or accepted, then the problem becomes rational.  Such

 

 

Individuals are considered legitimate advocates of people with problems.  Perhaps this is the reason that they are included for debate in the meeting organized on the solution of the problem.  Perhaps this is why students and teachers are given representation in educational committees formed to solve any educational problem.

3. Officer system and its state of response – In this third stage of development of social problem, the attention of the people goes to the government system and their efficiency in dealing with problem solving.  If the government machinery proves to be inefficient, then they cannot succeed, and the problem may take the form of a movement.  Therefore, whether the nature of a social problem will be a nuisance or not is based on the extent to which the government machinery is able to solve the problem and to what extent they are able to keep their vested interests separate from the problems.
4. Re-emergence of the movement – In this stage the aggrieved people and their leaders start to believe that the seriousness of the problem is not being properly understood by the officials and the appropriate decision makers.  Consequently, their feelings are rekindled and they are forced to launch a movement to solve the associated social problem.  It became clear that there are several stages of development of social problem.  Through these steps, there is a decrease in the intensity of the social problem.

 

 

 Social Problems, Social Disintegration And Personal Disorganization –

A close correlation is found between social problems and social disintegration.  When the social problem in the society takes an extreme form, then such a society is unable to function as a unified functional whole and its progress is hampered.  In such a situation social disintegration arises.  There is also a deep connection between personal disorganization and social problems.  In a state of personal disintegration, a person is unable to behave according to the ideal rules of society.  He is unable to determine what to expect from him.  In the event of dilemma, he does not play his roles properly.  In such a situation many, social problems arise in the society.  Illustrating this situation, Weinsberg has stated that a person who conforms to the ideals of society is a socially normal person and as a result considers himself normal but the person who is caught violating the ideal,  It is called the remover.  The person removed, whether he is a member of any group or alone, is representative of the social problem.  It is clear from the above discussion that social problems, social disintegration and personal are closely related to each other.  A disintegrated person is influenced by his behavior by other people, which leads to social problems and a disintegration in the society arises when the social problem becomes violent.

Main Causes of Social Problems

 

  There are many reasons for the origin of social problems.  Social marketing, social aspirations, social practices, social mobility, etc. are some of the major reasons for causing social problems.  Many scholars have mentioned these reasons of social problem according to their opinion.

 

  Rob and Seljanic hold five reasons responsible

1.   When the ability to organize the relations of the people of an organized society appears to be exhausted.

 2 .  When various institutions of society seem to be disturbed.

 3 When the laws of society started being violated.

4. When the transmission of society’s values ​​(generation after generation) stops.
5. The aspirations of ordinary citizens started croaking

 

  Paul Landis mentions four primary causes of social problems.

1. Failure to adjust person

 2 .  Defect in social structure

3. Failure in institutional adjustment
4. Institutional Delay in Social Policies.

 

  Robert A. Nisvet also mentioned four major causes of social problems.

1. Conflict of institutions,

  2 .  social mobility ,

3. Individuality and
4. Occupational Conditions.

 

  Robb and Seljnik and Paul Landis have analyzed social problems separately, while Herman and Walsh have criticized this type of study method because it is now believed that all problems are interrelated.  And all problems have a common basis.  The five principles of this common ground – the principle of social disintegration, the principle of cultural defection, the principle of mala-struggle, the principle of individual deviation and the principle of social deviation are found.

 

  Pro .  Timms wrote that “states that give rise to social problems are states of social disease, social disintegration, differences and divergence. Timms has discussed two general methods of studying social problems.

 

1. Process of deviation

  2 .  Structural Method.

 

 Regarding the first method, Timms states that some people get distracted due to certain circumstances and they try to form a group of their own.  They thus create social problems.  In the second structural method, Timms indicated the notion of abnormal or discrepancy developed by Purton.  Even in societies such as the United States, where the cultural goals of success and the fact that many people in society do not seek institutional help to accomplish their goals, the rate of delinquent behavior is high.

 

  “Professor Merton has described it as beneficial to divide social problems into ‘Social Disorganization’ and ‘DevientBchaviour”. In addition to this there are some other classes which have been termed as family dissolution, criminal behavior and community conflict  Can go and from which both social disorganization and deviant behavior are felt in different areas.

 

 Just like the problem of unemployment prevailing in India, it is a social problem because it affects a large section or section of the society (especially the youth) and its solution is not possible through the efforts of any young man, youth, government and others.  This is possible only with the joint efforts of non-government institutions.  Poverty, population explosion, war, discontent, terrorism, etc. are some examples of social problem.  To understand the nature of social problem. It is necessary to have a look at some of its features.  Some of its key features are:

 

1. Social problems are a kind of deviation from ideal and social standards.

 2 .  The origin of social problems has a common basis.

3. All social problems are more or less interrelated.

4. Society is the root of all social problems.

5. All social problems are also social because they directly or indirectly affect the whole society.

6. The responsibility of solving social problems is social rather than individual.

  In other words, the solution of a problem is possible only by the efforts of society rather than by any individual.  DEFINITION OF SOCIAL PROBLEM Social problem is a condition that creates anxiety, tension, conflict or frustration and the social problem that hinders the fulfillment of need is responsible for emotional or mental distraction.  Concern is found as a dynamic element in the problem.  A problematic situation forces those who are affected by it to find a solution.  To get rid of the problem, it is necessary to change the situation through social changes.  In the study of social problems, the focus is on social conditions.  A social problem is a problem related to human relations which poses a serious threat to society or which impedes the attainment of important aspirations of individuals.  Social problems are unfulfilled aspirations for the welfare of individuals.  A social problem refers to a social situation that attracts the attention of a large number of qualified observers in a society, and warns them to reconcile or solve social or collective action through one form or another.  .  The patterns or situations of behavior that many members of society at any time consider to be objectionable or undesirable are the social problems.  It is the belief of these members that to solve these problems and reduce their scope of work Reforms in India require policies, programs and services.

 

 Common elements of social problem Based on the above definitions, the following common elements are found in social problems: _

1. The social problem is such an annoying condition that hinders development in both the individual and society.

 2 .  The psychological and physical expansion of the social problem is so much that it hinders the fulfillment of a felt need.

3. In order for a social condition to be called a social problem, it is necessary that awareness is found in the group or public.
4. The need for social action and control to prevent irreconcilable powers and their consequences.  It falls.
5. Structural modification in the environmental situation is necessary to reconcile.  Hence, social problems can be defined as social conditions that pose a threat to social welfare, which many people in a society are aware of, and for which any collective work to solve them or  It requires effort.  –

 

  According to Fuller – To understand and solve a social condition as a social problem, it is necessary to go through three stages:

1. To consider a situation as a social problem, it is necessary that people have a firm belief that the situation is unfair to the people in terms of value and something must be done to solve it.

 2 .  On accepting the existence of a social problem, an attempt has been made to consider one of the many suggestions for redressal and to find a suitable means.

3. To solve a social problem, an instrument is then implemented and reformed.

 

 

 

  Causes to social problems

 

1. Social problems arise when the ability to organize the relations of the members of an organized society begins to wane or seems to end.

 2 .  When the institutions of society start getting distracted then social problems arise.

3. When the people of a society start violating the laws then social problems start to emerge.
4. When people’s expectations start to crumble, social problems arise.  M

 

Elliott and Merrill defined social disintegration as “social disorganization is the process by which relations established between members of a group are broken or terminated.”  These scholars state that “social disintegration arises when the forces that make up the balance change and the social structure is broken in such a way that the earlier paradigms no longer apply and the accepted forms of social control do not function effectively.”  do .

 

  In the words of PH Landis, “Social disorganization mainly refers to the disintegration of social control which leads to disorder and disturbances.

 

   According to Faris, “Social work is the breakdown of functional relations between human beings to the extent that it hinders the acceptance of group actions. You have further written that a society would experience dissolution at that time.”  However, its various parts lose their integration and are unable to work according to their intended objectives.

 

Neumeyer has written that “when the unity of group unity and purpose is disturbed, when the balance of structure is disturbed, and when the working relationship of society goes out of order, then these states of disintegration  Take the moment

 

  Social Disorganization as a Process-

  Mr. Nieumeyer wrote that “social disintegration is not just an unbalanced state.  Is because it is primarily a process.  Therefore, it expresses the events and events that.  That impede the natural functioning of individuals and groups.  “This statement. The following deliberation will make it even more clear. When we do that social disintegration is a process, it implies that social disintegration is a transitional state, not a constant or final state of social disintegration, a continuation of change.  There is no time when there is no disintegration and there will be no time when its movement will stop – this is a continuous change in the already existing powers within itself.  It can be said that some such factors or powers are always active in the society, due to which, at any time, 100 percent balance and order is not seen in the social structure.  There is always a situation of disturbances or disturbances or power, struggle, excessive competition, division of labor, social discrimination etc