Remedial Measures of Poverty
The following measures can prove useful in removing the poverty of India:
Improvement in the state of agriculture – India is an agricultural country. For this reason, to overcome the poverty of this country, it is also necessary to improve the state of agriculture. Improving the condition of the land, providing irrigation facilities, raising good seed fertilizers and agricultural implements, encouraging consolidation, cooperatives, etc. can be some important measures in this regard.
Remove illiteracy – To get rid of poverty, first of all we will have to try to remove illiteracy from the country. This kind of improvement will have to be made in today’s popular education system so that students can prove useful in the practical world. Also, there should be proper arrangement for industrial education and training.
Enhancing the habit of saving – People will have to increase the habit of saving by providing more facilities through publicity. At the same time, people will have to make efforts to make their savings unproductive.
Generating health standards – The government, owners and other society – voluntary organizations will have to make efforts to ensure that the public health level can be improved and their pursuit of serious diseases is eliminated. For this, medical facilities will have to be increased and proper houses will have to be arranged.
Proper banking and credit facilities – For the economic development of the country, it is very important that adequate and adequate banking and credit facilities are made available in the country. In this regard, special attention will have to be paid to the villages so that they can get sufficient funds for the development of agriculture and rural industry.
Industry – Development of trades – To remove poverty, various types of industrial machines and capital goods industries also need to be developed more and more. Airplanes, motorcars, iron and steel, electrical goods, scientific instruments, heavy chemicals etc. industries and factories and small and cottage industries have to be encouraged more and more.
Changes in social institutions – To overcome the complex problem of poverty, many types of changes in social institutions are also necessary. In this regard, the first thing to be done is to change the institution of marriage. In Indian society, there are many customs related to the institution of marriage, due to which unnecessary expenditure is incurred. Not only this, many people take loans due to these customs and thus Madame remains in the grip of poverty. For example, dowry is a practice which is the main reason for the poor condition of innumerable people. Caste system is also one such social organization which contributes to increase poverty. Due to restrictions of caste-system, a person does not get the opportunity to do business according to his interest and ability and he is not able to improve his economic condition. Therefore, this type of transit is also necessary in an institution called caste. It is necessary that it does not interfere in the economic life of the person. Apart from this, many types of superstitions and rituals are found in Indian society, in respect of which a person has to spend a lot of money, such as in Hindu society unnecessary money is spent on naming ceremony, shaving ceremony, sacrificial ritual, sacrificial rite. In fact, by creating public opinion against all such rituals and superstitions, a large part of a person’s income can be saved. Not only this, to remove poverty, it is necessary to make changes in the institution called family.
In this regard, single families have to be promoted in place of joint families. In fact, the joint family makes the person lazy and useless, while in a lonely family, the person is encouraged to earn more by working harder. It is thus clear that a change in social institutions will be an important and important step towards alleviating poverty.
Former Member of Planning Commission, Dr. Rajkrishna has suggested a seven-point program to alleviate the poverty of the country, these are (i) Employment Guarantee Scheme like Maharashtra, (ii) AntyodayaYojana, (iii) Time bound Scheme for Irrigation and Manure, (iv) ) Grain for Work Scheme, (v) Small Farmer Development Program (vi) Operation Flood Scheme for Dairy Development, (vii) Minimum Needs Program.
Government Efforts to Eradicate Poverty
Many efforts have been made and are being made by the Central and State Governments to solve the problem of poverty removal in India, some of which are briefly discussed below:
Development of heavy industries in the country – There is a lot of potential for industrial growth due to adequate natural resources in the country. In the Seventh Plan, it was proposed to spend 22,971 crore rupees under this head. It is expected that a large number of people in the country will get employment and poverty will be reduced.
Promotion of Village and Small Scale Industries – In the context of Indian conditions, it is necessary that maximum and small cottage industries businesses in the country should be given maximum encouragement. This will provide more employment opportunities to the people. The new government at the center has accepted this fact. 2752 in this head for the seventh plan with the same purpose. 74 crores was spent.
Development of education – In order to remove poverty, it is considered necessary that the level of productivity of the entire nation should be raised by expanding the facilities of general and technical education and teaching. For this purpose, Rs 904 crore was spent in the fourth plan on general education, this amount was 1324 in the fifth plan. 24 crore and 2523 in the Sixth Plan. 74 crores, while in the Seventh Five-Year Plan, this item was Rs. 7770. It is estimated to cost Rs 95 crore. In addition, a vigorous National Literacy Mission program has been made to make 8 crore adult illiterates literate in the country. Under this scheme, three crore people will be made literate by 1990 and five crore people by 1995. For this, an amount of 1 billion 30 crore has been fixed in the central sector and 2 billion 30 crore in the state sector during the seventh plan period. With a view to making radical changes in the education system of the country, a new education-policy has been implemented so that it can meet the contemporary needs of the country.
Health and Family Welfare Program – Many efforts have been made by the government to remove the defects arising out of bad health and also to not allow the population growth to grow faster. In this item, in the sixth plan 2. 831. 05 crores was a provision of Rs. About 9 billion rupees were spent on these programs in the Seventh Plan. The central government had made a provision of Rs 950 crore in this head in the budget of 1990 – 91.
Antyodaya Program – In many states of which Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh are prominent. ‘Antyodaya program’ was started. The main objective of this program is to improve and strengthen their place in the society by providing as many facilities as possible to the Harijans, landless, people belonging to the scheduled castes and economically weaker sections of the society. .
Twenty Point Economic Program – Former Prime Minister, self in the direction of poverty alleviation of the country. The twenty-point program presented by Shri Mati Gandhi has been a notable contribution. Not only this, in August 1986, the former Prime Minister of the country announced a new ‘Twenty Point Program’ 1986. The first session of this program is ‘Struggle against poverty’. In short, the new twenty sessions are as follows – (1) struggle against poverty, (2) rain-dependent agricultural development, (3) better use of irrigation water, (4) improved agricultural production, (5) land reforms, ( 6) Special programs for rural workers, (7) Clean drinking water, (8) Health for all, (9) Family of two children, (10) Educated nations (11 Scheduled Castes – Tribes, Justice, (12) Equality to women, (13) New opportunities for youth, (14) Houses for all, (15) Improvement of narrow settlements, (16) Forest expansion, (17) Environmental protection, (18) Consumer welfare (19) Villages Energy for (20) Responsible Administration. During the year 1988 – 89, an outlay of Rs. 9987. 79 crore was approved for the twenty-point program for 22 states.
Unemployment removal programs – At the government level, more and more efforts are being made to remove unemployment or unemployment in the country. In this context, a few years ago, in lieu of work in the country, the food grains program was started. To make this program more effective, ‘National Rural Employment Program’ (NREP) has been started from October 1980. A total of Rs.1874 crore was spent on this program during the Sixth Plan and Rs.2,3092 crore in the Seventh Plan, and employment was provided for 17, 750 lakh and 14, 780 lakh working days respectively. 572 crore rupees were spent on this program in the year 1988 – 89. ‘Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Program (RLEGP)’ has been started on 15 August 1983 to provide maximum employment in villages. Under this program, during the Sixth and Seventh Plan, Rs. 394 crores and 2640 crores respectively. 2630 lakh and 11 respectively by spending. Employment provided for 500 lakh working days. Similarly, since 15 August 1979, more than 17 lakh 94 thousand youths have been trained under the National Scheme of Training (TRYSEM) to provide self-employment to rural youth as a centrally sponsored scheme.
JawaharRozgarYojana – The National Rural Employment Program and the Rural Rural Employment Guarantee Program were merged into the single rural employment program known as ‘JawaharRozgarYojana’ (JRY) from 1 April 1989. Under this new employment scheme, through the Panchayats, at least one member of 4 crore 40 lakh families living below the poverty line will get employment. 2 for this scheme in the year 1989 – 90. 623. 08 crores The provision of Rakha was kept, which was divided between the Union and the States on the basis of 80: 20. The primary objective of this program is to increase additional gainful employment opportunities for unemployed and under-employed persons in rural areas. Apart from this, other goals are – to create productive and community-oriented assets to provide direct and sustainable benefits to the poor, so that it can grow at a rapid pace and raise the income level of the rural poor, Ar (2) All of the rural life Rectification of the sides. During the year 1989 – 90 an amount of 2, 100 crores was given to the districts as part of the center and the annual target was to provide employment for 9120 lakh working days.
The Central Government has started a new “Loan Scheme for Urban Poor” from 1 September 1986 to alleviate urban poverty. The scheme was expected to benefit about 7 lakh urban poor by March 1990.
Integrated Rural Development Program – The ‘Integrated Rural Development Program’ is a major front of the government’s strategy to reduce poverty in villages. The main objective of this program is to raise the families of the identified target groups above the poverty line and create sufficient additional opportunities for self-employment in the villages. The strategy of this program in the Seventh Five-Year Plan had two aspects – first, the successes in the Sixth Plan should be strengthened and supplementary support should be given to the families who have not risen above the poverty line even today, without any mistake. Secondly, to help the new beneficiaries in such a way that they get the poverty line only with the help received for the first time. During the Seventh Plan, 180 lakh families were assisted. There is a total of 8852. 35 crores was imposed, while in the Sixth Plan, 4762. Assistance was given to 165 lakh families by appropriating Rs 78 crore. More than 45 percent of the assistance was given to the families of scheduled castes and tribes. In 1988 – 89, 25 percent women were assisted under this program. There is now a 50 percent increase in the subsidy given to families belonging to Scheduled Castes and the ceiling of subsidy amount has been increased to Rs. 5,000. There were about 8 of these castes in the period 1990 – 91. It is estimated to benefit 5 lakh families. The biggest advantage of the Integrated Rural Development Program was that it benefited a large number of the poorer sections and the most expected section of the society and crossed the poverty line. ‘