Causes of migration of population in cities / factors affecting urbanization
1. Development of Industries – Industries are established in such places where facilities like electricity, water, roads, rail and communication are already available. All these facilities are in or near the cities. Therefore, the villagers start coming to the cities to get employment in those industries. Due to this the population starts increasing in the cities.
2. Lack of security in the villages – Due to the fear of dacoity due to lack of security or mutual estrangement in the villages, the villagers flee the village to the cities and settle down permanently. This leads to an increase in the urban population.
3. Lack of health and education facilities in villages – Lack of basic facilities like health and education are found in villages. Therefore, the affluent rural families are able to provide higher education to their children and get benefits of health facilities in rural areas.
In India from Census 2011 99 migrate and settle in cities. This also increases the urban population.
4. Lack of employment facilities in villages- Employment facilities in rural areas are limited in quantity. So rural people come to urban areas to get employment. This also increases the population in the cities.
5. Abolition of Zamindari System After independence, due to the practice of abolishing Zamindari in the country, Zamindari left the villages and started settling in the cities. This has also led to an increase in the urban population.
6. Attraction of cities- Having entertainment facilities in cities and attraction of rural youth towards cities is also the reason for population growth in cities. Any rural youth who has read even a little bit does not want to live in the village.
7. Partition of the country and arrival of foreign nationals of Indian origin – Partition of the country took place in 1947, due to which lakhs of Hindus came from Pakistan and settled in cities in search of employment. This also led to an increase in the urban population. Sometimes of Indian origin. Residents were expelled from their country by foreign governments. They also came to India and settled in cities. This also led to the growth of population in cities. The percentage of population living in cities has increased in India which is currently 32 whereas in Russia 77 percent, in America 77 percent in Japan, 77 percent in Canada, 86 percent in Australia and 89 percent in UK people live in cities. .
According to the 2011 census, Himachal Pradesh (89.96%) has the highest share of rural population in the country and Tamil Nadu (51.55%). 88.7% in Bihar, 85.92% in Assam, 83.32% in Orissa and 77.72% in Uttar Pradesh are in rural areas. The rural population in Madhya Pradesh is 72.37%. In Chhattisgarh 76.76% and in Jharkhand 75.95% of the population lives in villages. Overall, according to the 2011 census, out of the country’s population of 121.02 crore, 83.31 crore reside in rural areas and 37.71 crore in urban areas. There are total 6,40,867 villages in India.
The maximum number of villages 1,06,704 are in Uttar Pradesh. There are 54,903 villages in Madhya Pradesh and 44,874 in Bihar. The lowest village is 112 in Delhi. Apart from this, there are 6,841 villages in Haryana, 43,663 in Maharashtra, 44,672 in Rajasthan, 27,800 in Andhra Pradesh, 29,340 in Karnataka and 18,539 in Gujarat.
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