Geographical Diversities – From the geographical form of Indian society, it is clear that India is a nation geographically diverse. In the north of India, there are skyscrapers of the vast Himalayas, while there is a huge sea spread in the south. There is also a huge fertile plain of the Ganges, Yamuna and Indus and on the other side the vast desert of Rajasthan. There are many mountains, plateaus and forest-regions here.
The area of India is equal to the area of all Europe except Soviet Russia.
Racial Diversities – India is called the ‘Museum of Races’. In India, there are very short-lived Negrito species and there are also nodic species of long stature. Here the yellow colored mongoloid also lives, on the other hand there are also the proto-Australoid with the color chocolate. In India, people with long-headed middle ocean species live on the other side, while on the other side there are also people of wide-headed alpine species. In this way India has been the confluence of species of Negrito, Proto-Australoid, Mongol, Mediterranean, Malpine, Dinari, Armenoid, Nodic etc. Sir Herbert Risley has divided the people of India into seven parts in terms of caste. But this description later became controversial. Although there are still wide differences in relation to Indian species. s . Ghurve (G. S. Ghurve) has divided it into roughly five groups, which are clearly manifest in their cultural functions and physical characteristics. They are – Indo-Aryan, Dravid, East – Dravid, Munda and Mongolide.
Religious Diversities – There are also variations in religions in India. India is the land of many religions. Multiple religions and its followers have lived together for many years. This is the reason that apart from the many forms and sects of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jain, Sikh, Islam, Christian etc. religions are prevalent in this country. Only Hinduism has diverse sects and beliefs spread all over the country like Vedic religion, mythological religion, Sanatan religion, Shakta religion, Shaivism, Vaishnavism, Raja Ballabh sect, Nanak-Panthi, Arya-Samaj, Brahma Samaji etc. Some of these religions worship the real God, while some religions worship the formless God, some emphasize animal sacrifice and sacrifice, some are priests of non-violence, in some religions, the path of devotion is dominant and in some knowledge Of the route.
Cultural Diversities: There are also significant differences in India from the point of view of practices, dress, food, food, living, art, etc. The people of each region have their own specific practices and even there is a lot of difference in the practices of different religious groups of the same region. As far as dress is concerned, it can be said that the difference between night and day in the dress of people of north and south, of rural and urban people, of Hindus and Muslims, of traditional and modern people. is . Even from a food and drink point of view, we find a lot of variation in different parts of the country. Different areas also show differences in terms of art, music and dance. Somewhere a style prevails and somewhere else. Here the difference of art can easily be found in temples, mosques, churches and stupas, etc. The same is true in relation to music and dance. Lohri and Bhangra in Punjab, Ghumar in Rajasthan, Garbha in Gujarat and Bharatanatyam in the south are the mainstay of the dead. Similarly, there is a difference in the festivals and festivals of different provinces. Local deities also vary. There is considerable variation in people’s beliefs, moral beliefs and marital and other prohibitions in different parts. There are also people who believe in a marriage, polygamous marriage and polygamous marriage. Both patriarchal and matriarchal family systems exist here.
Leaders and the Masses: In this country, the proportion of people is numerically higher than other developed countries in comparison to the leaders or elites in numerical terms. Qualitatively, there is a large gap between the masses and the elite. Around 52 here. Only 21 percent of the people are educated and the number of people getting higher education is very limited. The concept of education and most of the content here
The source of this is also foreign culture. There is a lot of difference between the masses and the elite in terms of lifestyle. Traditional people are more common among the masses and modern among the elite. Even among people called modern, the influence of both tradition and modernity can be seen in different degrees on different occasions. Communication between the general public and the elite is also rarely found here. From this point of view, there is diversity in Indian society.
Tribal Diversities :Many differences are also found in India from tribal point of view. 6 in this country More than 78 crore tribal people live in it. Each tribe group has its own distinct culture and way of life. Some tribes are still in their primitive stages of development, while some have become quite civilized and are living a modern way of life. Madhya Pradesh has the largest tribal population in terms of population. After that come the states of Orissa, Bihar, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Andhra and Assam respectively. In the remaining provinces, their number is very less. Many differences are also found in the food, family, marriage and kinship arrangements of different tribes.
Caste Diversities :There are about three thousand ethnic groups in India. Each caste has its own rules of food, marriage, social cohabitation. Castes are also related to a certain occupation and high and low among different castes. They are mutually untouchable, on the basis of a stratum. There are some castes that are confined to a particular region like Maratha, Mahar and Mang in Maharashtra; Patidar and Kunvi in Gujarat; Cama and Reddy in Andhra; Ijawahs are found only in Kerala. The entire Indian society is divided into various ethnic divisions.
Linguistic Diversities – in India. 652 is the prevalence of mother tongues, which can be brought under 826 languages. These languages include 103 Indian languages as well. The number of people who speak Hindi language is the highest. 13, 34, 35, 360 people speak this language and those who speak it live especially in Uttar Pradesh. It is followed by Mush: Telugu and Bengali languages. Number of speakers of these languages respectively.3. 77 crores and 3 39 crores. After this, based on the number of people speaking the language, we can present different languages of this country in this order – Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Bihari, Oriya, Rajasthani, Punjabi, Prasami, Santhali, Bhili, Kashmiri, Gondi and Sindhi. The number of speakers of Sanskrit language is only 2,544. These languages can be associated with four different language families – Prayhan, Dravidian, Prastric and Sino – Tibetan language families.
Economic Diversities – There are many primary differences in India. Indian economy is mainly based on agriculture but for a long time it cannot remain based on agriculture only. Here with the advancement of trade and commerce, there is an inevitable expansion in the units of applicant life. There are also upper classes in India and on the other hand a very large portion can be placed in lower or middle class. A large part of the country lives below the poverty line, while a few selected people live prosperous and luxurious lives. Although the economic variation has been in Indian society since the beginning, but after independence, the economy here has helped the rich people to become more prosperous and the different people to raise their standard of living.