Women And Education

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2022 SOCIOLOGY-COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

The importance of education has been emphasized by several international conventions, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the program of action of the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development. The Fourth World Conference on Women, held in Beijing in 1995, recognized that female literacy is important to empower women’s participation in decision-making in society and improve the well-being of families. In addition, the United Nations has articulated the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which include goals for better education, gender equality, and women’s empowerment. The MDGs emphasize the essential role of education in building democratic societies and building the foundation for sustainable economic development. In an increasingly open global economy, countries with high rates of illiteracy and gender gaps in educational attainment are less competitive, as foreign investors seek labor that is cheap as well as skilled. Various global trends present special challenges for women who are illiterate or have limited education. The export orientation of economies and the growing importance of small and medium-sized enterprises create opportunities for women, but

Women need proper education and training to take full advantage of these opportunities. But major challenges remain. Too many people – especially girls – are still excluded from education, and many are enrolled in school but are learning little to prepare them for 21st century job markets. In some countries, access to secondary and higher education that helps create a skilled and knowledgeable labor force remains limited; Even where access is not an issue, the quality of education provided is often low.

Education: A Social Right and a Development Essential
The importance of education has been emphasized by several international conventions, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the program of action of the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development. The Fourth World Conference on Women, held in Beijing in 1995, recognized that female literacy is important to empower women’s participation in decision-making in society and improve the well-being of families. In addition, the United Nations has articulated the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which include goals for better education, gender equality, and women’s empowerment. The MDGs emphasize the essential role of education in building democratic societies and building the foundation for sustainable economic development. Education contributes directly to the growth of national income by improving the productive capabilities of the labor force. A recent study of 19 developing countries, including Egypt, Jordan and Tunisia, concluded
oncluded that a country’s long-term economic growth increases at a rate of 3.7 percent each year the average level of schooling of the adult population increases. Thus, education is an important strategy to reduce poverty where poverty is not as deep as it is in other developing regions. According to the United Nations Population Fund, countries that have made social investments in health, family planning, and education have experienced slower population growth and faster economic growth than countries that have not made such investments. In an increasingly open global economy, countries with high rates of illiteracy and gender gaps in educational attainment are less competitive, as foreign investors seek labor that is cheap as well as skilled. Various global trends present special challenges for women who are illiterate or have limited education. export orientation of economies and the growing importance of small

Small and medium-sized enterprises create opportunities for women, but to take full advantage of these opportunities, women need proper education and training.
In addition, the benefits of female education for women’s empowerment and gender equality have been widely recognized:
• As female education increases, fertility, population growth, and infant and child mortality decline and family health improves
• An increase in girls’ secondary school enrollment is linked to an increase in women’s participation in the labor force and their contribution to the household
and national income
• The increased earning potential of women, in turn, has a positive impact on child nutrition.
• Children of educated mothers – especially daughters – are more likely to be enrolled in school and have higher levels of educational achievement.
• Educated women are more politically active and are better aware of their legal rights and how to exercise them

Low Educational Status of Women: Reasons
1. Neglect of women’s education due to gender inequality Women’s education has been completely neglected in India since the medieval period. The foreign rulers never took any interest in women’s education and there has been no significant improvement in the situation even after independence. Girls are often neglected in a patriarchal system as there is always priority over sons. Girls were withdrawn from education after attaining puberty due to conservative cultural values of parents and society. Due to child marriage, the education of the girl child was also reduced.
2. Imposition of domestic responsibilities on girls: Unlike boys, girls are assigned domestic responsibilities from an early age. They are expected to do household chores freeing their mothers to go outside the home for economically rewarding activities. Even girls from very poor families are made to work as ‘domestic maids’ in the homes of affluent people.
3. Lack of educational facilities (especially in villages): For a long time, education did not reach the rural areas of India. Till date, even after so many government initiatives, education in rural areas is a big challenge. the girls’ parents were

They shy away from sending their daughters to far-flung villages. The acute shortage of working female teachers in rural areas also deterred parents from sending their daughters to school in the absence of female teachers. As of now, parents of girls are unwilling to send them to co-educational schools and schools exclusively for girls are rare in rural areas.
4. Historical Factors: Women’s education has been neglected in India for centuries and therefore tradition bound people believe that women’s education does not deserve any serious consideration. Most of the mothers being illiterate themselves did not feel the need to educate their daughters. At the beginning of the 20th century i.e. in 1901, hardly 6 women out of 1000 were illiterate. According to 2001 statistics, more than 46% of women in India are illiterate. It is not easy to motivate them to take up the responsibility of educating their daughters.

Government of India schemes to encourage women education:

1. Saakshar Bharat Mission for Female Literacy: Launched in 2008 to promote adult education especially among women under which Lok Shiksha Kendras were established.

2. Sabla-Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls: It aims at providing nutrition to the growing adolescent girls by provision of food grains.

3. Right to Education: RTE considers education as a fundamental right which will provide free and compulsory education to every child in the age group of 6 to 14 years.

4. Kasturba Balika Vidyalaya: Establishment of residential upper primary schools for girls

5. National Program for Girls’ Education at Primary Level: It aims to reduce school drop-out with special focus on vulnerable girls. Groups of women are formed in the villages. These groups follow up/supervise the enrollment, attendance of girls.

6. Mahila Sangh: Mahila Manchas (Women’s Union) were established under this scheme. It provides space for rural women to meet, discuss issues, ask questions, make informed choices. It has been implemented in ten states.

7. National Secondary Education Campaign: Infrastructure for girls hostel for secondary education

8. Dhanalakshmi Yojana: Conditional wealth transfer scheme for girl child following 3

conditions.

a) Time of birth and registration of birth.
b) progress of immunization and completion of immunization.
c) Enrollment and retention in school.

2022 SOCIOLOGY-COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

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